1. Papyrus Ebers This Egyptian artifact is one of the earliest documents related to the practice of pharmacy and list of medications. The Papyrus Ebers actually shared a lot of base routes of administration with modern pharmacy such as ointments, creams, suspensions, tablets, and many other common ways to administer drugs. This document was one of the first large written accounts of early pharmaceutical practice.1 2.
As is true for many medical discoveries, aboriginal peoples on every continent were the first to discover plants and practices that control disease and promote healing. When Captain James Cook saw Australia 's first people collect and brew leaves, then drink the resulting tea for its healing properties, he called the associated plant a “Tea tree”. Thanks to research in the 1920 's, scientists realized that oils from the Tea Tree 's leaves held more anti-microbial power than the era 's most commonly prescribed medication, Phenol, also known as Carbolic Acid. In the 1930 's, a Dr. Humphrey discovered that Tea Tree Oil treated one of the most common concerns of fighting forces, world wide. With his discovery, this essential oil became part of
Ferraiolo, K. (2007). From Killer Weed to Popular Medicine: The Evolution of American Drug Control Policy, 1937-2000. Journal of Policy History, 19(2), 147-179 In this article, it discusses the medical use of marijuana, the states that have legalized it and how these states went about doing so. This article also talked about other drugs that are illegal was at one point in time legally used for medical reasons.
• This book is about finding medicinal plants in the Amazon Rainforest to cure common diseases. • Sometimes, Western medicines cannot cure the common diseases. • This book was written by Mark Plotkin and it was published in 1993. • Mark Plotkin travels to different parts of the rainforest and collect several medicinal plants for a research experiment. •
Our ancestors’ Indigenous Knowledge (IK) which is a “relationship of balance and harmony with local environment,” (Nelson, 2008 pg. 45) has been the basis of future technology and/or development related to the powerful knowledge of sustenance, survival, and uses of foods and plants for medicinal use. Priscilla Settee “explored the work of Pam Colorado, Oscar Kawagley, Greg Cajete, David Bohm and others who considered Indigenous Peoples knowledge as scientific and knowledge that was modern science borrows from.” I found this extremely remarkable and inspiring to know that the immense wealth of knowledge and innovative ways of thinking our ancestors possessed is currently being utilized by researchers and others. I also felt devastated to learn that IK has been affected by bio-piracy because the use of “synthetic drugs and quinine and aspirin derived from IK…and is one of the principle sources for identifying new molecules and genes in the rapidly growing pharmaceutical and genetic engineering industries.” (Nelson 2008, pg 30)
Herodotus begins by describing the reasons for Darius invading Scythians. The Scythians, a century ago, invaded Media and defeated those who stood against them, thus starting the conflict with Persians. For the next twenty-eight years, they lorded the Upper Asia before returning home, only to discover a small army opposing their entrance (Herodotus, P.129) While the Scythians men were abroad, the women had intermarried with their slaves. Instead of fighting with the slaves, the military walked boldly into their territory because they thought that if they hold spears against their slaves, then the slaves might imagine themselves their equals.
The History and Science of Healing With Essential Oils Did you know that at least 30% of prescription drugs in the United States are based on naturally occurring compounds from plants? Each year, millions of dollars are spent searching for new, undiscovered, curative elements in the bark, roots, flowers, seeds and foliage of plants from every corner of the Earth. As the most powerful part of the plant, essential oils and plant extracts have been mankind 's first medicine. History has shown and science supports that these can be used medicinally to kill bacteria and viruses.
The term “magic mushroom”, coined in the middle of the 20th century, branches over the whole genus of Psilocybe plants. These plants are known to host a potent hallucinogen, by the name of psilocybin. It is believed that these “magic mushrooms” have been around longer than modern humans and have been used by many ancient civilizations. Statues depicting religious use of Psilocybe plants have been found as far back as 1,000 B.C. (Tomov 917).
Despite the fact that Herodotus makes reference to an anticipated history of Assyria, his just known work is the History. This early composition work consolidates individual investigation into the geology, ethnology, and myths of Asia Minor with an endeavor, in Herodotus ' own particular words, to record "those extraordinary and awesome deeds, showed by both Greeks and savages" and to discover the reason for the Greco-Persian battle. A great part of the topographical and ethnographical portrayal in the History is the aftereffect of Herodotus ' own voyages; yet he likewise draws widely and trustingly on the breathtaking records of storytellers. Isolated into nine books, the History is composed in an open, recounted style with numerous stimulating
Michael Pollan’s book tells the story between the relationship of Man vs Nature, and the connection it has with life on Earth. He mentions his objective for his book: to view plants in an intimate relationship with humans by looking at ourselves differently. The book makes an adventure through history to forms of life now, and examines plants through multiple points of views. The Botany of Desire demonstrates a unique comparison of the terms “Botany” and “Desire” through his four chapters:apple,tulip,marijuana, and the potato. Pollan explains human desire and its exploitation from plants through the combination of sweetness, beauty, intoxication, and control.
Humans have used drugs of one sort or another for thousands of years. Wine was used at least from the time of the early Egyptians; narcotics from 4000 B.C.; and medicinal use of marijuana has been dated to 2737 B.C. in China. But not until the 19th cent. A.D. were the active substances in drugs extracted. There followed a time when some of these newly discovered substances—morphine, laudanum, cocaine—were completely unregulated and prescribed freely by physicians for a wide variety of ailments.
Opium was the first painkiller. Once the British got hold of it and the Americans in the 18th century. They used opium in the revolutionary to treat the wounded. Opium was a type of dried latex so it was not safe. So in 1874 scientists pulled out a ingredient in the opium poppy called morphine.
Out of many past ancient civilizations, the Egyptian empire was one of the most culturally influencing and architecturally advanced. During the duration of its oldest period of stability, dubbed “The Old Kingdom”, one of the most recognizable Egyptian structures was designed and built multiple times over the course of approximately 300 years, until the Egyptian kingdom was unstable. The pyramids were built with polished limestone in order for them to be aesthetically pleasing, and other blocks such as granite and sandstone as an internal base. However, these structures were not only built to be gorgeous monuments and landmarks, as they also served the purpose as past pharaohs and other government officials burial sites. It is unknown how exactly
When it came to questions of life and death, one could reference medical handbooks, which contained various different Indian and Asia spices. These reference books survive today in their written state, providing more proof that intellectual life did not decline. With the introduction of new medicines instruction on administration of doses and mixtures would be necessary, otherwise the results would be fatal, the proof of the written reference books suggests physicians would need to experiment with the medicines and its doses, also developing a system of units.
When people got sick they needed medicine, physicians, and health care. In the late 1500 there was not a great deal medican, there was mostly just spiritual analysis. One of the key figures of the medical world was Andreas Vesalius who became Professor of surgery and anatomy at the University of Padua, when he was only twenty three. In most detail Vesalius showed that
