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E. Coli Case Study

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“STUDY OF VIRULENCE FACTORS AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN IN ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAINS ISOLATED FROM EXTRAINTESTINAL INFECTIONS” INTRODUCTION Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the most important members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and a commensal in the human intestinal tract. (1) As a commensal it contributes to the maintenance of health of a person. However, E.coli when enters into unnatural sites, can cause variety of conditions such as urinary tract infections, wound infections, bacteraemia, meningitis and other soft tissue infections. (2, 3) Of the different organisms known to cause urinary tract infections (UTI), E. coli is the most predominant pathogen being isolated in 70 – 90% of cases. It has been accepted that UTI …show more content…

Therefore, the treatment of E.coli infections is increasingly becoming difficult. It is necessary to know the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of pathogenic E.coli to select the correct antibiotic(s) for the proper treatment of the infections. (5) E.coli is a Gram negative, motile, nonsporing, lactose fermenting bacillus. The ability of E.coli to cause extraintestinal infections depends largely on several virulence factors, which help in survival of E.coli under adverse conditions present in those …show more content…

Those which aggregated with salt particles and formed clumps were considered hydrophobic. E.coli grown on MacConkey agar plates were inoculated into 1 ml of Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) at pH 6.8 and turbidity was matched with McFarland tubes 6 or 7 to get a colony count of 5x109 colonies/ ml. Different molar concentrations of ammonium sulphate namely 0.625M, 1.25M and 2.5M were prepared. One loopful (10µl) of bacterial suspension made in PBS was mixed with equal volume of ammonium sulphate solutions of different molarity on a clean glass slide and observed for one minute while rotating. The highest dilution of ammonium sulphate solution giving visible clumping of bacteria was noted as the salt aggregation test value. E.coli strains that had SAT value ≤ 1.25 M were considered

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Gram positive organisms are susceptible to antibiotics such as penicillin (Introduction to Penicillins, 2012). This is because, gram positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan, a sugar and peptide coating that gives a cell its shape and helps it stay intact (Wiley, 2004). The original antibiotic, penicillin, and the likes are used to treat infections caused by bacteria that are gram positive. Based on the scope of the experiment and the materials needed, a budget estimate of $1,000.00 would be needed to buy reagents and materials for this experiment.

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Bacteria, fungus, and parasites may cause infections, however, acute cystitis is typically caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) or Staphylococcus

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The purpose of this lab report is to employ a myriad of skills, tools and, methods learned throughout this semester to perform the appropriate tests for the identification of the assigned unknown bacteria. Add more background information here!!! The most important tools and techniques used during this identification include aseptic technique, microscopic examination and, the use of selective and differential media. Aseptic technique is an important tool for microbiologists. It is imperative that aseptic technique is maintained throughout the length of any test to avoid any cross-contamination that may lead to inaccurate results.

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For the unknown phase two project, I was assigned unknown number one. After many tests, I came to the conclusion that my unknown was Acinetobacter baumannii. It had cultural characteristics of yellow or clear colony pigmentation, smooth and translucent surface, circular form, smooth margin, and flat elevation. The unknown’s broth properties included a ring, turbidity, and sediment.

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Introduction Our world is composed of many bacteria’s’ that can either help or destroy us. Therefore, its’s imperative to learn and study them. The purpose of the lab was to put into action the methods that have been learned in the laboratory to determine our unknown bacteria. Bacteria’s can have different features, shapes, and or arrangements that help microbiologist determined their role in our life (whether they are good or bad for humans).

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Q1A: What is the mechanism of action of colistin? Colistin is an antibiotic that works best against Gram-negative bacteria. It works by binding to LPSs (lipopolysaccrides) and phospholipids in the outer cell membrane of the bacteria. This, in turn, disrupts the outer cell membrane by displacing cations and leaking the intracellular contents, combining it with outer cellular contents, causing the bacteria to be unable to differentiate the bacteria’s intra and outer cellular contents from one another.

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Aseptic technique was initiated at the beginning of this experiment by cleaning the work surface with disinfected wipes. Personal protectives equipment was also worn. The material utilized in this experiment was: S. epidermidis culture broth, sterile cotton swab, streak plate, forceps in 70% alcohol, a lit tea light, and the three antibiotic disks (novobiocin, gentamicin, penicillin). The first step, I divided a plate into three quadrants and labelled them with the different antibiotic names. Using the lit tea light, like a bursen burner, I flamed the mouth of the S. epidermidis culture.

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Conclusion In conclusion carprofen has no significant effect on bacterial treatment. Carprofen was given late into the acute phase reaction of the induced E.coli when clinical signs were first seen. Treatments with carprofen had modulatory effects on clinical and immunological parameters.

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Children under the age of five, the elderly, and people with impaired immune system are the most likely to suffer from illnesses caused by E. coli 0157:H7. The pathogen is now the leading cause of kidney failure among the children in the United States.” The use of logos in Schlosser’s book makes his declaration better because he is using reasonable facts and statistics. Logos makes Schlosser’s claim persuasive and serious. Nowadays, Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria is becoming a well-known threat that can be caught by consuming contaminated food (raw vegetables and certain raw meats) or water.

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Darwin’s Theory of evolution and natural selection involves the concept that individuals with inherited traits that are better suited to their local environments are more likely to survive and reproduce with one another. Over generations, an increasing amount of individuals in a population will also inherit these advantageous traits such as the resistance to different concentrations of antibiotics. (Reece et al. 0000). A recent article (Artemova et al. 2015) depicts research undertaken that involves observing the ability for a single cell of Beta-lactam-resistant E.coli strains (bacteria resistant to i.e. penicillin (Keith et al. 2000)) to evolve and survive exposed to different concentrations of Beta-Lactam antibiotic Cefotaxime. The experiment

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Staphylococcus Aureus belongs to the extremely common bacteria of microflora of the skin and mucous membranes of the humans. These pathogens cause many infections, including superficial and deep purulent infections, poisoning, urinary tract infection etc. In the US, staphylococcus bacteria are supposed to be the leading cause of sepsis, postoperative wound and prosthesis infections. In addition, staphylococcus belongs to one of the leading causes of bacterial food poisoning. Staphylococcus Aureus is one of the most dangerous human pathogen.

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3.5. Evaluation of Pseudomonas spp. as plant growth-promoting bacteria under salt stress Four strains, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, strain 24, Pseudomonas sp., strain 30, P. putida, strain 103 and P. fluorescens, strain 109 which are salt tolerant and have the following plant growth-beneficial traits: IAA production, phosphate solubilization, and ACC deaminase production were selected for maize growth stimulation under salinated soil. For non-saline soil (NSS) treatment, strain 103, characterized as P. putida, was able to significantly increase plant development for all the analyzed parameters, except for root dry weight.

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Escherichia Coli 0157: H7 This paper will specialize on a specific type of bacterial foodborne illness caused by the bacteria Escherichia Coli. E. coli was discovered by Theodore von Escherich in 1885. E.coli is a natural found bacteria that lies throughout the intestinal tract of warm blooded animals and comes in many forms only one of which is deadly. This form is E. coli 0157:H7 which can be caused by direct exposure to fecal matter to kill this rouge

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The cause of a urinary tract infection is bacteria, which often make their way from the digestive tract into the urinary system. One type of bacteria, Escherichia coli (or E. coli), normally lives in the colon. When introduced in the urinary tract, E. coli multiplies, and an infection results. Other microorganisms known as Chlamydia and Mycoplasma can also cause urinary tract infections in both men and women.

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In all areas of healthcare, particularly in acute care settings, patients may be unable to care for their nutritional and/or hygienic needs properly. One area that is especially important to address is the perineal care of patients who are incapacitated, or otherwise unable to care for their hygienic needs independently. Normal bacterial flora can develop into an opportunistic infection if the bacteria reaches certain areas of the body. For example, a common cause of urinary tract infections (UTI) is due to Escherichia coli from the colon coming into contact with the urethra (Copstead & Banasik, 2013). If the patient is immunocompromised, elderly, sedentary, or otherwise compromised in their abilities to void, this can predispose the patient

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