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Effects Of Colonialism In Africa

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Introduction:
The industrial revolution allowed Europe to become an one of the economic power houses of the world. Why the industrial revolution happened in Europe and not in Africa will be the subject of the argument. Specific reference will be on the period of the explorers (Ca. 1400-2750) and the period of the industrial revolution, specifically in Britain (Ca.1750-1900). The following aspects will be the main discussion points: Colonialism and its effect on Africa, Geographical location, the cultural difference between Africa and Europe, Human capital formation in both Countries and the institutional development in each continent.
Colonialism and its effect on Africa:
In order to discuss colonialism it is necessary to define what colonialism is, according to dictionary.com: “colonialism is the control or governing influence of a nation over a dependant country, territory or group”. The main exploration countries, mainly: Spain, Britain, Portugal and the Netherlands, colonised numerous other countries in their travels and for the expansion of their nations (Cameron, 1993). A major aspect of income for the colonialists was slavery, the colonialists took only citizens of economic value as slaves. This left Africa with less citizens of working age and caused an influx of slave labour in European countries. The wealth that colonialists drained from Africa was not reinvested into Africa it was used to grow the European economy, anything that was produced in Africa was also not
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Document E. “Great Britain and South Saharan Africa Imports and Exports, 1854 and 1900” is the name of the media present in Document E. The varying bars in the graph portray a message that says that another cause for African Imperialism is the wealth that could be obtained from the colonies. A. In 1854, the amount of British pounds obtained by imports from Africa is approximately 4.5 million. But by the time 1900 rolled around, nearly 7.5 million British pounds were made from imports from Africa.

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Before the industrial revolution though Africa was hard to capture and conquer fully, this was due to serval reasons the main reasoning being diseases (conquerors would die from diseases before they could explore far into this content). With the industrial revolution though explorations had better ships to explore up that lead into central Africa, they had better guns to kill Africans with; which made exploration into Africa even easier and soon came the discovery of the cinchona tree that contained quinine that prevented malaria. In time Africa became divided and conquered by serval European nations, which meant that African political power would shift to the nation that conquered them and that the society and people would be treated as slaves to produces a much raw resources for Europeans to sell and make

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harvesting their raw materials was geopolitical in nature, as nations sought to increase their standing and become a world superpower. Another document that displays this is Document E, a graph that displays the money made from imports and exports from Africa, South of Sahara, in the year 1854 and in 1990. Looking at this graph, in 1854, imports and exports from and to Africa were considerably smaller compared to 1990. The overwhelming column for 1990 shows that Europeans exported more goods more often from Africa over time. Over the span of 136 years, Europeans have obviously have had an interest of exports of raw materials found in Africa as seen in this document, which brought them more than 20 million pounds in 1990.

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During the Industrial Revolution, Europeans were mass producing products in factories. When they began to run out of resources, they looked to Africa. They had the means to travel there because of new ships built in the Industrial Revolution. Seven countries split it among themselves (Document A-2) and built empires and enslaved the natives. The main ways the Industrial Revolution affected imperialism were cultural and social beliefs, followed by military and technology, and to a lesser extent politics.

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Those reasons are the incredible amount of natural resources, the need to increase production of new products, and the amazing economical payout. Though these are the main reasons, greed is a factor that should not be forgotten. Africa was given the wonderful gift of useful natural resources. The only unfortunate part for the Africans was that after seeing the insane amount of money that King Leopold II took on, the other European nations wanted to expand their economies and also make more money. Document D in the “Mini Q” packet also titled, “Selected African Colonies and Their Exports” shows that Africa was loaded with natural resources that would increase not only the country's wealth but the income of the entrepreneurs and the production companies.

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Great Britain and South Saharan Africa imports and exports document E shows that the African colony wasn 't the best with money instead they would trade which is the main reason the Europeans took over. Imports from Africa were less while exports rose high. Great Britain made up to three million British pounds in 1854 and twenty-one in 1900 from import and export. African slaves were additionally being used to work British owned plantations in the colonies. Over all trading was a link to natural resources.

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The transatlantic slave trade began in the 15th century, after the Portuguese started exploring the coast of West Africa. This had a long term effect on Africa because even though it started out benefiting the upper class in Africa, the long term effect was devastating. While the Europeans started to enter Africa, they enjoyed “the triple advantage of guns and other technology, widespread literacy, and the political organization necessary to sustain expensive programs of exploration and conquest”(Doc 4). Africa’s relations with Europe depended on common interests, which they did not have. Europe’s contact in Africa, involving economic exchanges and political relationships, was not mutually beneficial.

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European expansion into Africa created great controversy. Within approximately half of a century, Europeans had gained control of all African lands except for Ethiopia and Liberia, (Doc. 4). By taking their land and power, European nationalism had occupied full control of the continent. Technology also played an important role in the removal of many occupations. Since machinery was taking the place of workers, factories needed less workers to operate the equipment.

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After the European nations took over many colonies, the European nations produced raw materials for themselves. The European nations conquering other nations leaves the native people in needs of money. The African culture was dominated by the Europeans and they were forced to learn the bible. The nations that were colonized by the Europeans, their government becomes weak and unable to help the native people. The Industrial Revolution and the Imperialism have many negative and positive effects on both the European nations and their

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So Europe invaded Africa, took possession of Africa, and divided Africa into colonies of Europe. The period of invasion, lasting some twenty years, was more or less completed by 1900. There followed a longer period, between sixty and ninety years, of direct European rule, called colonial rule. This was a time of profound upheaval for all of Africa’s peoples. It brought irreversible changes” (4).

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"The slave trade actually prevented the coming into being of an agrarian revolution in Ghana, and likewise an industrial revolution. Because before you can industrialize you need to have stable agricultural production.” (“Slavery 's long effects on Africa”, para 6) Since during that time they got attacked to kidnap people and burn places they had nothing to start living. “The period between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries was a time of economic stagnation for Africa, which fell further and further behind the economic progress of Europe as the years passed by.” (“Riches & Misery: The Consequences of the Atlantic Slave Trade”, para 5)

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