Effects Of Indochina

- Indochina o Indochina was a region in Southeast Asia consisting of French colonies including Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. Indochina eventually erupted in civil war, and the French lost sovereignty. One of the effects of the civil war was that Vietnam split borders of north and south. The United States then sent troops to south Vietnam in order to prevent the spread of communism.

- NATO o The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was adopted in 1949 by the United States and multiple eastern European countries in order to align against the Soviet Union. It’s still active today by promoting democracy and peaceful solutions to disputes. This treaty led to the creation of the Warsaw Pact, which in turn started to ignite the Cold War.

- Warsaw

During this time, Turkish minorities in Bulgaria were forced to assimilate. Part of assimilation involved changing their name, so it wouldn’t be Turkish.

- Marshall Plan o The United States wanted to establish its economic influence in Europe, so the Marshall Plan was created after WWII for the U.S. to provide economic aid to Europe. They also sent food, fuel and other supplies in an effort to prevent the spread of communism. This angered the Soviet Union.

- Destalinization o In 1956, Khrushchev began to reverse some of Stalin’s policies in the Soviet Union. Gorbachev carried on Khrushchev’s legacy and made further democratic reforms. This ultimately led to political unrest, resulting in the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Short Answer: 10 pts. each

1. Explain how pluralism and ethnicity aided the downfall of the USSR:

- Pluralism is a system with the coexistence of two or more states or sources of authority. In the USSR, there were multiple different ethnic groups that wanted independence. Ethnic minorities made up a significant part of the population, so the desire for independence caused political

Not only was it a war of soldiers, but it was a war of citizens. When the war was happening, civilians became a target in some cases and aids in other cases. First, bomb shelters were built for civilians everywhere, not just in military zones. Bombs were invented during WWII, so the threat was apparent. Eventually, civilians did become common targets for bombings. Strategic bombing came about by targeting industrial and political infrastructure, and in turn, taking its toll on civilian populations. An example of this occurrence happened when the United States and Britain bombed the city of Cologne, Germany. In addition, the use of atomic bombs on Japan claimed tens of thousands of civilian lives. Furthermore, rape became a common occurrence during conquest. One example involves the Soviet Union in Germany. The Soviets retaliated against Germany, after the German invasion, by raping its women. Also, the Japanese became notorious for raping Chinese women. On another sad note, millions of Jews lost their lives as a result of blame for Germany’s loss of World War I. However, not all civilian involvements in WWII involves crime or death. In the Soviet Union, civilian women became indirectly involved at home. Most men were fighting in the war, so women took over as the bread winners of the family and replaced men in industry. If they weren’t working in industry, they were working to feed the townspeople and soldiers. When the German invasion