Introductions Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in Singapore has been established for few decades. Local EMS is still advocating the direct pressure or pressure dressing to arrest extremity haemorrhage first, and if can’t be arrested, to use tourniquet or as a last resort. Many studies have been done oversea in military settings but not in Singapore, to show the benefits of tourniquet application in severe extremity injuries. Battles casualty survival rates are consistently high with emergency tourniquets use to stop bleeding, and morbidity rate remain low (Kragh J. J. et al, 2011). Evidence indicates that when used at the right time in the right way, emergency tourniquets are lifesaving (Kragh J. J. et al, 2011). Only few studies have been done for civilian in prehospital settings and over past few years many researchers have started relating military experience in tourniquet application to …show more content…
Out of 167 articles, 5 articles were finally chosen for their cohort study after eliminating those irrelevant and duplicate copy. 1 study was chosen for this assignment: “A multi-institutional analysis of prehospital tourniquet use (Schroll R. et al, 2015)”. An appraisal checklist to assist in the critique will be ‘Critical Appraisal Checklist for Cohort Studies’ by ‘The Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual: 2016 edition’. The term ‘article’ will be used to refer ‘Schroll R. et al, 2015’ article and used for the appraisal below. Nonexperimental Studies The researched done in this article involved non-experimental studies. There are various reasons for doing a non-experimental study, including situations in which independent variable inherently cannot be manipulated or which it would be unethical to manipulate the independent variable (Polit & Beck,