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Empirical Formula Lab

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When completing the empirical formula lab, the task was finding the relationship between the empirical formulas and mass of an object. The word “empirical” refers to the simplest ratio of atoms in a compound in relation to their molar mass. A scientist named Dalton created a theory about atoms, one of his rules being about the law of multiple proportions. This law states that reactants will always combine in whole number ratios. Joseph Proust, another chemist, found the law of definite proportions, which states that a compound contains elements in a fixed ratio by mass. These two laws relate to the empirical formula that was used in the lab, because the empirical formula is a ratio of elements. Since atoms are very small particles, they can be represented by larger particles called moles. 1 mole is equal to 6.022 x 1023 particles, and is used in this reaction to represent the empirical formula. When calculating an empirical formula, the grams of an element are …show more content…

Zn is extremely reactive with HCl since it is a metal. The cylinder with the reaction immediately started bubbling as the Zn began combining with the Cl. That being said, there was still the hydrogen from the hydrochloric acid which was not needed in the zinc chloride. The hydrogen particles could not have just magically disappeared. What actually happened was that the hydrogen transformed into gas and it exited the system because Zinc has a stronger pull when combining with chlorine than hydrogen does; in other words, the zinc and chloride wanted to combine and make zinc chloride.When the hydrogen gas was forming, it formed bubbles which left the reaction and carried some of the mixture which contained the aqueous solution used in the experiment. This was condensation around the cylinder as shown in the image below (zoom in to see

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Which was 117.60 grams for substance 1, 87.71 grams for substance 2, 54.7 grams for substance 3, 25.11 grams for substance 4. Once we finished weighing each unknown substance we started figuring out the g/mol mass of each compound that the substances could possibly be, which is how we got to Table #2 above. In order to find the g/mol mass of each of the compounds, we had to find the molar mass of each element, then multiply and add accordingly. I'll use K2SO4 as an example of how to calculate the molar mass of a compound. The elements in K2SO4 are Potassium, Sulfur, and Oxygen.

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The cylinder was adjusted to the water level because that kept the pressure on the tube and the water inside at a constant rate throughout the tube. If the graduated cylinder had not been adjusted, the test would have been introduced to a random error because it would have been a flaw that was always present and would affect the measurements of the experiment. When the unknown anti-acid was tested the first time, the results yielded a 40.2% yield of CO2. The second trial of part B was not as accurate due to using a mass of the unknown-acid that was too small for accurate results. The lack of accuracy came from a lack of precision which resulted in a human error because the amount that was broken off and selected for the trial was too small.

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That is where stoichiometry comes along, which is the quantitative relationships or ratios between two or more substances undergoing a physical or chemical change in a balanced equation. It identifies the mole ratio between reactants and products. To understand stoichiometry you have to understand the products and reactants, which involves how to solve balanced reactions. This allows chemists to determine how many moles of a product will be produced from a specific number of moles of a recant or how many moles of reactant are needed to produce a specific amount of a product.

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In this lab, the manipulation of the average atomic mass equation can solve for the average atomic mass, or in this case, the abundance of the isotope. In the beginning of the lab, we were expected to mass the envelope and subtract the mass of the envelope with the total mass to isolate the mass of the pennies. After applying the quantitative data collected into the equation, the information already given (the mass of the isotopes) was plugged in to solve for 2 variables: the abundance of each pre- and post- 1982 penny. With 2 equations, 2 equations are needed to solve.

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Using the Law of Definite Proportions, the mass of this product was used to determine the number of moles of copper and chlorine in the sample, which led to being able to determine the

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Different Mole Ratios And It’s Reactions Introduction: Chemical reactions play an important role when it comes to mole ratios.

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Also our group added too much water into the crucible, which diluted the mixture, which most likely slowed the reaction, or even led to an incomplete reaction which would affect the mole ratios and therefore the empirical formula. Lastly, there could have been residue from other experiments on some of our apparatus, which could have introduced other elements to the reaction and that would also obviously lead to an incorrect

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Then the buret was quickly inverted and pressed into a beaker with full of water. Finally after the water cooled down, the water level of the buret was measured inside beaker. This process was repeated for two more

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.1-amEr (c) Gram molecular mass of HNO3 = Mass of 1-molecule of HNO3x NA = 63 amu x NA = 63 gm X NA = 63 gram NA Solved Example-4:Find out the mass of carbon -12 that would contain 1.0 x1019carbon-12 atoms. Solution : Mass of 6.022 x1023 carbon-12 atoms = 12 g Mass of 1.0 x1019 carbon-12 atoms = 12x1x10 19 g 6.022 x1023 = 1.99 x10-4g Solved Example-5: How many molecules are present in 100 g sample of NH3?

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In the lab “All That Glitters” the objective that was focused on during the lab was calculating the density, volume and mass of various substances. The method that was used in finding the volume of the samples is called the displacement method. This is a process where the volume of the water in the graduated cylinder is calculated before and after the sample is placed. In this lab, the goal of the experiment was to identify and come to consensus about what the unknown substance might be. For this experiment, the required materials were ten pre and post pennies, unknown sample, graduated cylinder, weigh boat, water, paper towels and a weighing scale.

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Objective: To determine how think a piece of aluminum foil and how many atoms are stacked up to make that thickness of the foil. Introduction: To be able to complete the experiment one must understand the basis of the period table such as the location of the elements and deciphering from a metal and a non-metal, as well as identifying the atomic mass and atomic number of an element. One must have knowledge of the mathematics of destiny which is defined as mass dived by volume to perform a dimensional analysis. Dimensional analysis is a problem-solving method that uses the concept that any number or expression can be multiplied by one without changing its value and converting information into the correct annotation. From the handout it states that, “approximately 2.7 million hydrogen

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Moreover, the density of an object can be obtained using the formula p=m/v- where p is the density of an object, m is its mass, and v is the volume. This

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The purpose of this lab was to determine the molar volume of Hydrogen gas and compare it with the value predicted by the Ideal Gas Law. In this lab, I was able to calculate the number of moles of H2 produced and measure the volume of H2 gas produced and also notice how the volume, temperature and pressure changed when it had a reaction with different amounts of Zinc. In the first experiment, I determined the change of temperature, pressure and volume in Hydrogen differing from its initial temperature, pressure and volume. After adding 0.250 g of Zinc to the first part and 0.500 g of Zinc to the second part experiment to Hydrogen gas and using the Ideal Gas Law, I could notice an increase of pressure and temperature in the experiment while

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Measurements, Calculations, and Significant Figures Measurements, calculations, and significant figures are vital mathematical terms used to understand the basic concepts of physics. Knowing how to properly make measurements and apply the necessary calculations to obtain accurate answers will surely prove beneficial in physics, but having that knowledge will also help you throughout your entire life. Therefore, it is important to understand the processes and numbers involved when using measurements, calculations, and significant figures. Measurements are used to identify the specific characteristics of an object, such as length, size, and amount. One must use the proper measuring device, depending on the conditions of the experiment and

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Now, along the long line of the history of chemistry, scientists have used symbols, formulas, and equations to indicate the elements present, the relative amounts of elements, and the variety of combinations of atoms during a chemical change. As a bonus, you can also find out how much product will be formed or how much reactant is needed, based on the masses of the substances involved. The science that deals with the manipulation of said variables is called Stoichiometry. Stoichiometry,

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