Enzyme speed chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy, activation energy is the energy require for chemical reactions to take place. Enzyme is the ES complexes that lower the activation energy. There are two ways to form product in enzyme, one is two substrates to form one product in one active site or one substrate break down into two products. If two substrate molecules need to be joined to form one product, two substrates need to attached to the enzyme holds them close together, reducing any repulsion between the substrate molecules so they can bond more easily to form one product. If the enzyme is catalysing a breakdown reaction, it means one substrate breakdown into two products, one substrate molecule fitting into the active …show more content…
The lock and key model states that the active site of enzyme is complementary to the substrate molecule. This means that the active site is like a lock and the substrate is like a key which fit into a lock perfectly. The shape and properties of the active site are given by the amino acids around it, these amino acids form weak hydrogen and ionic bond with the substrate molecules, so the enzyme catalyse the substrate to breakdown into two products or two substrates to form one product. Because of that, the active site binds the specific substrate …show more content…
The active site is not exactly complementary to the substrate; however, the active site is flexible so when the substrate starts to bind to the enzyme, the active site of enzyme changes shape to fit the substrate more closely. Enzyme changes shape in response to a change in its environment. This change in turn distorts the substrate molecule in the active site, making it more likely to change into the product. The active site of enzyme is surround by the amino acids, these amino acids form weak hydrogen and ionic bond with the substrate molecules, so the enzyme catalyse the substrate to breakdown into two products or two substrates to form one product. Because of that, the active site binds the specific substrate only. If a bond in the substrate molecule is to be broken, the bond might be stretched by the enzyme, making it more likely to break. Therefore, lowering the activation energy needed to break the bonds. If a bond is to be made between two substrate molecules, the two substrate molecules can be held in exactly the right position and orientation and pushed together, making the bond more likely to form. The enzyme can also make the local conditions inside the active site quite different from those outside such as pH, water concentration and charge, so that the reaction is more likely to