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Complex Anatomical Structure

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The forearm is a complex anatomical structure between the elbow and the wrist that serves an important function of the upper extremity. The forearm consists of two parallel bones, the radius and the ulna. It forms a functional unit that can be considered both as an axis and a non synovial joint (). This “joint” can be best understood in term of two “condyles”, the distal radio-ulnar joint (DRUJ) and the proximal radioulnar joint (PRUJ) (). The capsule of the elbow joint and the annular ligament stabilize the bones proximally. Distally, the bones are connected by a wrist capsule, radio-ulnar stabilizing ligaments (dorsal and volar) and a fibrocartilage articular disk (triangular fibrocartilage compex, TFCC) (). There is an interosseus membrane …show more content…

It is thicker proximally, possessing a hook-shaped end (olecranon). Towards the distal end it decreases in diameter and finally, it does not reach the wrist joint at all (radiocarpal joint). The ulna is strongly connected to the humerus and it forms an uniaxial hinge joint in the elbow with flexion-extension range of motion (). The middle third of the ulna is critical with regard to the intra-osseal vascular supply of the ulnar shaft (). The ulna is close to being straight (). There is a slight apex dorsal bow just distally from the olecranon.
3.1.5 …show more content…

The periosteum consists of an outer fibroblast layer and an inner osteogenetic layer (cambium layer). There are blood and lymph vessels and nerves in the periosteum and it plays a critical role in bone healing. In children, periosteum has greater osteogenic potential than in adults (), which allows children’s fractures to be treated more conservatively than adults’ fractures (). In children, the periosteum separates from the bone more easily than in adults (). The periosteum initiates fracture healing, producing new bone rapidly. It is potent in filling bone defects in fracture lines. Upon injury, the strong periosteum can act as a hinge, which can make alignment worse. On the other hand, an intact periosteum that lies usually on the concave side () holds fracture parts in contact with each other and it may assist closed

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In healthy individuals, anterior rotation of the innominate occurs during extension of the freely swinging leg. When the innominate anteriorly rotates, it glides inferiorly down the short arm and posteriorly along the long arm of the SIJ. In non-weights bearing an arthrokinematic glide between the innominate and the sacrum occurs during posterior rotation of the innominate and is physiological (i.e., follows the articular surfaces). In weight bearing, the close-packing of the SIJ precludes this physiological glide. Sacral nutation produces the same relative arthrokinematic glide as posterior rotation of the innominate (inferoposterior motion of the sacrum is the same as anterosuperior motion of the innominate); sacral counternutation produces the same arthrokinematic glide as anterior rotation of the innominate (anterosuperior motion of the sacrum is the same as inferoposterior motion of the

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657 Words | 3 Pages

The lower end of the humerus has two rounded knobs the lateral and medial condyles. Between the two of these is a hole that extends completely through the bone, this is called the supratrochlear foramen. The ulna and radius act as one bone and are held together firmly by ligaments and always move together. The upper end of the ulna has a hook like process that fits perfectly in the supratrochlear foramen of the humerus. On the ulna there is a ridge called the trochlear notch, this fits against and rotates between the medial and lateral condyles on the humerus.

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308 Words | 2 Pages

This study examined the differences in articular surface morphology of caudal vertebrae between prehensile and non-prehensile tailed primates. Articular surface is skeletal surface, which includes bone and cartilage, that makes contact with other skeletal surface as part of a joint. Variation in the morphology of articular surface can confer a greater capacity for mechanical loading, which is required for prehensile primates as they often use their tails to suspend their entire weight during locomotion. In this experiment, it was hypothesized that articular surface area and curvature in caudal vertebrae could be used to distinguish between prehensile and non-prehensile tails. The results showed that articular surfaces found in both proximal and distal regions were greater in prehensile tailed primates, in comparison to primates that were non-prehensile tailed.

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Chapter six welcomes us into the skeletal system by presenting functions,types,structure, and development of bones. We are also presented the ideas of fractures and even the spine- curling snap of a broken bone which means a band aid simply won 't do! For example, Hematoma formation , Fibrocartilaginous callus, Bony callus ,and Remolding must occur to heal ,aka 3-10 weeks in a signature infested cast ,and if the break eventuated* on your arm, a complementary farmer 's tan. The Axial Skeleton makes an appearance by explaining itself as lying in the middle of the body and consisting of the skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, thoracic cage, and middle ear bones. The complexity, physiology and delicate fashions of each member of this group is expressed.

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681 Words | 3 Pages

borders of vertebral bodies, line # 2, post. borders of vertebral bodies, line # 3 spinolaminar, vertebral bodies have box-like appearance, intervertebral spaces are well preserved, articular pillars and facets joints - a pair at each level, bursa between dens & facet on atlas - dark radiolucent line ant.to dens, distance kept by transverse ligament at atlas during neck ROM is 4.5mm, transverse processes superimposed over vertebral bodies, 6mm between post. pharyngeal & AI aspect of C2, 14mm between post. wall of trachea and AI aspect of

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452 Words | 2 Pages

It’s filled with a substances known as synovial fluid that helps with lubrication to in which helps reduce friction between the femur and the tibia during flexing and extensions of the knee. The joint surfaces of the femur and tibia are covered with hyaline cartilage that also helps to reduce friction between the tibia and femur. 6: When there is a fracture a blood clot forms and when those blood vessels are ruptured it send out a signal for phagomatic cells to come to the area and rid the area of dying or damaged cells. Fibroblasts and osteoblasts to come to the area and help with releasing bone forming cells. Case # 2 1: A complete communicated fracture is a fracture that not has been broken in two but the bones have shattered into pieces.

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30/11 Personal injury solicitors What Compensation Hand Injury Claim is Worth of? The hands are the most complicated part of the arm in structure, having 27 bones (as well as the bone structure in the wrist joint), at the same time as the rest of the arm has only 3 bones. The so much complicated structure of small bones enables the hand a higher degree of elasticity, but it also implies that any injury happened to the hand is very much difficult to deal with, because cracks to these small bones might be not easy to get right, or may has more compilations in surgical treatments. Personal injuries to the hand is range from small fracture and general hand muscle injuries for which the suffered person may only get compensation ranging from £600 to £2,750 in a court case with the help of personal injury solicitors, for more critical hand injury for example a compressing injury or when the fingers have been removed surgically but after that surgically rejoined again to the hand, for that a person may look forward to get damages in the ranging from £9,350 to £39,400 according to how much capacity and elasticity the hand has after surgical treatment.

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148 Words | 1 Pages

Trabecular bone makes up the inner layer of the bone and has a spongy, honeycomb-like structure. The major component of bone is collagen. The protein collagen provides a flexible framework, while the mineral calcium phosphate hardens and strengthens the bone. collagen and calcium together makes bones both strong and flexible to deal with the

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1537 Words | 7 Pages

The knee joint is also known as tibiofemoral joint. It is a synovial hinge joint formed between three bones which are the femur, tibia and patella (Taylor, n.d.). There are two rounded, convex processes which are known as condyles on the distal end of the femur. The distal end of the femur meets two rounded, concave condyles at the proximal end of the tibia (Tyalor, n.d.). A thick, triangular bone which is known as patella lies anterior surface between the femur and tibia.

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1614 Words | 7 Pages

The coracobrachialis and the pectoralis major flexes and adducts the shoulder (Delgado, 2013). The biceps brachii flexes the arm at the arm at the shoulder and the forearm at the elbow (Delgado, 2013). The brachialis and brachioradialis also flex the forearm at the elbow (Delgado, 2013). The supinator turns the forearm and hand back over to anatomical position with the palms facing anteriorly (Shier, 2007). The origin of the supinator is the the crest of the ulna and the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the insertion is the lateral surface of the radius (Shier, 2007).

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1244 Words | 5 Pages

The anterior tip of the acromion, the coracoacromial ligament, and the coracoid process have been described as sources of impingement. The relationships of the supraspinatus tendon, the biceps tendon, and the greater tuberosity of the humerus with the coracoacromial arch were demonstrated through various arcs of shoulder motion in autopsy subjects. Biceps tendon impingement occurred predominantly against the lateral free edge of the coracoacromial ligament. Impingement of the supraspinatus tendon and greater tuberosity was demonstrated primarily against the acromial end of the coracoacromial ligament and the anterior tip of the acromion during arcs of flexion and internal rotation. Formation of traction osteophytes on the anterior acromion in patients with chronic impingement symptoms may due to stretching of the coracoacromial ligament by the greater tuberosity passing beneath it.

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1817 Words | 8 Pages

It’s contributes to the multiple regions of the skull: anterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, pterygopalatine fossa, infratemporal roof, , orbit, lateral wall of the cranial vault and roof and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, It’s articulates with the following bones: The ethmoid bone, the frontal bone, the zygomatic bones, the parietal bones, the temporal bones, the palatine bones, occipital bone and the vomer (Liebgott, 2011). It is consist from four main part : and three paired processes—greater wings, lesser wings and pterygoid processes (Tandon, 2009) 3.1.2 body of sphenoid bone• Its reprecent the central part and contains two sphenoidal air sinuses, It has multiple surfaces: Superior surface—bears a sulcus chiasmaticus and Dorsum sellae with two posterior clinoid processes lie posteriorly Inferior surface—has the rostrum, Two lateral surfaces—Each has a carotid sulcus for internal corotid artery. Anterior surface—presents sphenoidal crest in midline.

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1649 Words | 7 Pages

Lab 2: Force Angle relationship 250 words 4 marks In this lab we concentrated on investigating the relationship between joint angle and consequential ability of muscles to produce force. The knee joint was focused on with the quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedialis vastus medialis) and hamstrings (semitendinosus, semimembranosus. biceps femoris lomg head and short head) being the main muscle groups studied.

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2943 Words | 12 Pages

The femoral head has smooth covering of cartilage because of the properties of compact bone . Matches the graded modulus of the spongy bones which forms the articulating surface. Actually bones are composite materials which are composed of matrix of collagen fibers, impregnated by in organic salts. Finite element model is widely used method in biomechanics because the structure of biological tissues in biomechanics. Different type of loding situations applied on the bones are still difficult to model(or) design which are also not easy for perception of specific problem and indulge to get the unique solution.

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1072 Words | 5 Pages

In this direction, PED occurs as a result of the radius and ulna being driven posteriorly to the humerus, considerable force is henceforth needed. As well as this the olecranon process of the ulna displaces into the olecranon fossa at the distal end of the humerus. The coronoid process of the ulna is then forced under the trochlea of the humerus (Martin, 2008). Other types of dislocation include anterior, medial, lateral and

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