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Essay On Iconic Memory

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Research suggests that visual information is acquired when the eyes are fixated on an object; however, our eyes constantly move and shift (e.g. to saccade) to view the objects in our environment. When a saccade occurs (lasting approximately 300 ms) vision is suppressed resulting in temporally and spatially separated snapshots of our environment. Because of this, it has been hypothesized that a visual memory process is needed to seamlessly connect the snapshots created by saccades (Vogel, Luck, & Woodman, 2006). This memory process is termed Iconic Memory (IM) and defined as “the visual sensory memory register pertaining to the visual domain and a fast-decaying store of visual information” (cite). The term “iconic,” from the root word “icon” meaning “form” or “image,” was proposed by Ulric Neisser in 1967 to convey the idea that the information stored in a person’s IM is an identical visual representation of the image that they viewed. Iconic Memory has an unlimited capacity for the amount of visual information it can store; …show more content…

While VSTM and VWM both last for up to 20 seconds, VSTM differentiates from VWM in that it involves only the brief storage of information, whereas VWM involves the combination of brief storage of information and manipulation of that information to complete a task (Shuttleworth, 2010; Baddley, 2012). To further illustrate VSTM and VWM, one can imagine solving a mental arithmetic problem involving addition. This task requires holding information (i.e., the numbers to be added together) in short-term memory to visualize it long enough to manipulate it (i.e., add them together mentally) to solve the problem. In this example, VSTM would involve remembering the numbers that need to be manipulated, whereas VWM would involve simultaneously remembering the numbers and manipulating

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