Juan Gris was a Spanish painter and sculptor which was born in Madrid, but he lived and worked in France in most of his lifetime. Gris studied mechanical drawing at the Escuela de Artes y Manufacturas in Madrid from 1902 to 1904, during which time he contributed drawings to local periodicals. From 1904 to 1905 he studied painting with the academic artist José Maria Carbonero. In 1905, José Victoriano González adopted the more distinctive name, which was called Juan Gris.
In 1906, Juan Gris moved to Paris, then, he became friends with Henri Matisse, Georges Braque and Fernand Léger, and followed Pablo Picasso. He submitted darkly humorous illustrations to journals such as the anarchist satirical magazine L'Assiette au Beurre, and Le Rire, Le Charivari, and Le Cri de Paris.
Gris began to paint seriously in 1910, developing a personal Cubist style. In 1912 Gris
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Crystal Cubism is a distilled form of Cubism consistent with a shift, between 1915 and 1916, towards a strong emphasis on flat surface activity and large overlapping geometric planes. Generally, there is only one color in each geometric shape, and separating the background by using lines. Sometimes, there are also some color contrasts between a few geometric shapes and the other parts. Before the war years, the artworks in Crystal Cubism were divided to Analysis Cubism or Crystal Cubism. During the war years, the name “Crystal Cubism” was appeared.
Juan Gris’ style in Cubism was influenced by Picasso and Metzinger. In April 1919, Gris had his first solo exhibition at Rosenberg's Galerie de l'Effort modern. In this exhibition, he presented nearly fifty of his works. After the exhibition, Gris was known as one of the 'purest' and one of the most 'classical' of the leading Cubists. By May 1927, the date of his death, Gris had been considered the leader of the second phase of Cubism, which was the period of Crystal