Interactions between European and Muslim lands.
In the first six centuries of Muslim history, new civilizations from diverse groups of religions and resulted in expansion. Over this period Muslims encountered many different groups of people and this includes the encounter with people who lived in the continent today known as Europe. Encounters between European and Muslim lands form an important part of both European and Muslim history. Intellectual and cultural exchanges between these civilizations greatly influenced the development of scholarship and culture in both the regions.
In 1732, Charles Martel, defeated the Umayyad armies in the battle of Tours. This was a significant event as it leads the expansion of Muslim rule in Europe. It also led to the idea of Europe as a Christian region, with its own culture and history.
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the city of Jerusalem and surrounding lands. These wars continued up to thirteenth century and were known as CRUSADES. The Turkic saljuqs had been defeated by the Byzantines at the battle of Manzikert in 1071. They then moved to Anatolia (turkey) and Constantinople (Istanbul). Responding to these events Pope Gregory - 7 in Rome said “all who are willing to defend the Christian faith … if we love god and wish to be recognized as Christians we should be filled with grief and the misfortune of this great empire … but simply to grieve is not our duty … we should lay down our lives to liberate them.”
There was no response from the European rulers of that time to the pope’s call. No one knew the reason that why Pope issued this statement. Scholars today think that he was trying to achieve several goals. Twenty years later Pope urban – 2 tried again to mount a crusade. Much had changed by then; Europeans had been successful in capturing lands from the Muslim