Events In Intertestamental History

Intertestamental history is distinguished from “Greek and Roman” history for the simple reason of wanting to concentrate on specific instances in which events had a direct impact on pre-New Testament events. Building on the historical circumstances created by the Persians, Greeks, and Romans, looking now to those matters within Jewish history that promises to generate insight into the world Jesus faced. The history of the period is important for setting the stage for Jesus’ ministry. Upon opening the New Testament, one meets a Roman presence, something that could be anticipated in a close reading of Daniel, but not yet a reality. The birth of Jesus is dated by Roman officials, a group of Zealots advocated decisive action to drive the Romans out, and the Roman military carried out the crucifixion of Jesus by using a Roman form of execution. Further, in Acts, a Roman centurion becomes a believer; Paul is rescued by Roman soldiers and appeals to Rome for trial. The Old Testament ends with no hint of the Romans, so the account of how they entered the scene must be gleaned from secular history.

When the Old Testament ends, the Persians are the rulers of the area. But then Alexander the Great sweeps the region and introduces Hellenism, which directly conflicted with Jewish law. A century of independence comes in the midst of the period, only to be subdued by the Roman army. Those Jews returning to Jerusalem from exile represented only a remnant of those who were taken in 722 and 586 B.C.E. by the Assyrians and Babylonians. By the time of Jesus’ ministry, the Diaspora was extensive, reaching from Rome to North Africa. This silent history from biblical records is of extreme importance to the New Testament