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Essay On Political Participation

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Political participation comes in many forms; it is not limited to voting or joining a political group/movement. Reading newspapers, talking about politics, watching the news, participating in rallies/protests, volunteering for political activity, civic participation and social engagement are all part of political participation. While it is more likely for one to think of the above examples as political participation, there are also other unconventional forms of political participation, such as civil disobedience, breaking laws for political beliefs, boycotts and political violence (that could be interpreted as terrorism by some). Hence, political participation, in the simplest terms, is “all political activities of citizens as well as the attitudes …show more content…

The 1956 constitution granted women the right to vote and to stand for office. A survey of the expression of these principles in practice shows, however, that the actual representation of women has remained almost insignificant: women held two seats in the legislature (0.57 per cent of the total number of seats) in 1957 and 11 (2.49 per cent)—seven elected and four appointed by the president—in 2000. The situation is not much better on the local councils. This poor representation extends to women’s presence in political parties, which is extremely limited, if not completely lacking. The highest proportion of women members in a political party is 2 per cent …show more content…

The notion that oppression breeds resistance is echoed in the prominent political activist’s words of Doctor Karima El-Hefnawy who says, “when society keeps telling women they cant be judges or presidents, they try to prove the opposite and this gives them more motivation to excel… As a female you have to snatch your rights, one after the other, you have to defy traditions and be in the frontlines” (Affify 2011). El-Hefnawy together with other women activists insist upon resistance against all forms of subjugation asserting their determination to exercise their full rights as equals to

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Constitutional Convention The beginnings of the Convention (pre-constitution) began when Governor Edmund Randolph of Virginia presented and defended a plan for a new structure of government (called the "Virginia Plan") that had been chiefly drafted by fellow Virginia delegate, James Madison. The Virginia Plan called for a strong national government with both branches of the legislative branch apportioned by population. The plan gave the national government the power to legislate "in all cases in which the separate States are incompetent" and even gave a proposed national Council of Revision a veto power over state legislatures. Delegates from smaller states, and states less sympathetic to broad federal powers, opposed many of the provisions in the Virginia Plan.

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An official document from the National American Woman Suffrage Association describes the many reasons that females should get the vote. More than a few complaints talk about the unfair treatment of women by men, such as the final statement, which reads, “They should vote equally with men, because women are citizens of a govekrnment of the people, by the people, and for the people, and women are people” (Document 7). When someone holds power over another person, a tactic that is used to validate this dehumanization. Men disregarded women so denying them the right to participate in a free government was an easy rejection. And while men saw these strong women as a threat to their power, women saw the leaders of this movement as saviors.

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Pankhurst in Defense of Militancy During the Suffragette Movement 1916 was the year the first woman was finally elected to Congress. This was not from disinterest or a lack of qualifications, but because women had no rights. During the early 20th century, while men relaxed in the comfort of their homes, women waged a war. The fight for equality influenced women like Emmeline Pankhurst to become soldiers on the front lines in the fight for suffrage. Her speech, “Freedom or Death,” outlines the necessity of her militant methodology. She defends her methods with an extensive use of metaphors and hypotheticals.

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In today’s society, women still fight for the right to be their own person and exercise their own independence within their own

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A study conducted by Dahlerup in 2006, shows that gender reforms have boosted women confidence and have had a positive effect on political participation (Dahlerup 2006). Since 1990 Nicaragua, Panamá, Chile, Argentina, Brazil, and Costa Rica have elected a woman as president. Since the 1990s many countries have established new gender expectations with a substantial increase in political participation by women (Inter-Parliamentary Union

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Throughout our country’s history individuals have come together to fight for a better life in the future. Advocates for human rights such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Frederick Douglass, and Langston Hughes have been motivating readers everywhere. Motivation to change comes from feeling such as oppression, misery, and both freedom and liberty together. To begin with, Elizabeth Cady Stanton in 1848 summoned the first Women’s Rights conference with her speech “Declaration of Sentiments” to campaign that women have been oppressed by being denied basic human rights such as the right to vote, own property, and be equal under the law. For example, “The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man towards women, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her.

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To them this government is not a democracy. It is not a republic. It is an odious aristocracy; a hateful oligarchy of sex;” She claims that to the government women are nothing and that women were blessed to within women, but it meant nothing. This point made it emotional how women are still people and just as good as men but yet they have no place in

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”(Stanton 79.) While women do have the right to vote in the present, there is still a major lack of women representation and voice in the

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Discrimination Against Women Women did not win the rights to vote until 1920 when the Nineteenth Amendment was adopted. Supreme court said that discrimination against women did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment because these laws protected the “weaker sex” from the night work. Reasonableness Standard In 1977, Court wrote that treating women differently from men cannot be based merely on “old notions” about women and “the role - typing society has long imposed on women”.

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As the Latino population of the United States continues to burgeon, so does its influence in all aspects of American society. The far-reaching influence of Latinos has exploded in the past few decades, with 17% of the U.S. population who identify as Latino controlling over $1.5 trillion USD in spending power. A section of society where Latino influence continues to rise is in the American political process and the formation of public policy. Latinos have managed to fill a vacant position in nearly every spot of government, culminating with a U.S. Latino holding a crucial stake in a fierce battle for the presidency. As Latinos continue to grow in size and influence, attention should be invested in promoting civic engagement and enhancing political representation of Latinos at all levels of government.

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The system of racial domination known as "Jim Crow" worked to oppress African Americans economically, socially, and politically through the use of the law and violence. Jim Crow was essentially a series of laws that went against African Americans, a system specifically made to keep blacks segregated in the United States. This almost made it impossible for black people to live peacefully with their newly found "freedom." African Americans were economically, socially and politically abused through the uses of sharecropping, racial segregation, and disenfranchisement in societies. To begin, sharecropping was a type of farming that allowed people to rent small plots of land from landowners in exchange for a portion of their crop during harvesting

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Nowadays our world is changing hourly – its political, social and economic global picture depends on the decisions (more or less important, but still important), which are taken every minute. Sometimes it seems that all significant events have taken place, moreover it was a long time ago. At the same time we forget that there are areas of life, our daily lives, which have been completely different recently. In modern Western societies the right to receive education and to vote for women is natural part of life, contrast to the Third world counties, where women still do not have opportunity to take part in decision-making and influence various spheres of life in their countries. Skeptics may wonder: “What is so special about the fact that women are allowed to vote?”

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In the United States, people always talk about freedom and equality. Especially they want elections could be more democratic. In American Democracy in Peril, Hudson’s main argument regarding chapter five “Election Without the People’s Voice,” is if elections want to be democratic, they must meet three essential criteria, which are to provide equal representation of all citizens, to be mechanisms for deliberation about public policy issues, and to control what government does. Unfortunately, those points that Hudson mentions are what American elections do not have. American elections do not provide equal representation to everyone in the country.

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CHAPTER ONE 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The concept of women empowerment seems to have been used in the 1980s by third world feminists ‘to address the issue of gender differences that exist in the control and distribution of resources’ (Datta & Kornberg, 2002). There is however lack of consensus on its major characteristics. According to Datta and Kornberg (2002), women empowerment refers to ‘strategies that women use to increase their control of resources and generate decision making capacity’. Other authors like Batliwala (1994) however have a wider definition.

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