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Family Structure And Juvenile Delinquency

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In early childhood development it is important to for children to learn positive values, which ultimately will affect their personality and behavior during their entire life course development (Elrod & Ryder, 2014). Furthermore, microsociological criminologists examine how various social institutions such as family can encourage or inhibit criminal behavior through imitation and modeling (Bohm & Vogel, 2011). Therefore, delinquency is considered an early form of deviance, and this behavior is often replicated throughout family lineage (Elrod & Ryder, 2014). Consequently, a review of thirty-nine studies, indicated genetic predispositions are deleterious in adverse environments which include socially disorganize areas, poor familial structure, lower social classes, and adult violence (Bohm & Vogel, …show more content…

Additionally, some statistical research has established a definitive relationship between family structure to include, single-parent homes or nontraditional families, and juvenile delinquency (Elrod & Ryder, 2014). Subsequent analysis of family structure and delinquency, researchers have suggested the significance between the seriousness of juvenile delinquency and family structure may not be as prevalent as studies initially indicated (Elrod & Ryder, 2014). Additionally, studies revealed the most powerful predictor delinquency is the relationship between the child and mother, which can be affected by the size of the family, particularly in a single-parent home (Elrod & Ryder,

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Usually when a youth is classified as a delinquent it is associated with antisocial behaviors within the family and in the community such as aggression and can lead to related problems such as vandalism, substance usage and running away, theft, robbery, and larceny, gang memberships and school shootings. Juveniles are typically not charged like adults unless the crime is serious. Delinquency in the United States is examined with the emphasis on its relation to local communities and the groups and institutions that form the social world of children and adolescents (Cavan &

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A theory known as “Broken Home Hypothesis” suggests that children who are raised without one or both biological parents are most likely to commit acts than other children who are raised in a nuclear family (Kierkus & Baer,

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Biological, developmental, and situational perspectives are all critical in influencing criminal behavior. The biological perspective suggests that genetic and neurological factors influence criminal behavior. For example, some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to aggressive behavior or a neurological condition that affects impulse control. This perspective emphasizes the role of biology in shaping behavior. The developmental perspective emphasizes the role of environmental factors, such as upbringing and childhood experiences, in shaping behavior.

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Two major themes of family dynamics and childhood victimization are a constant thread found in juvenile delinquency research and literature. Specific family structures contribute to the likelihood of delinquency more than others. Nuclear, blended, parental cohabitation, single parent, and incarcerated parent family structures affect the incidences of juvenile delinquency to varying degrees. Adding one variable on top of others compounds the stressors that increase the probability of juvenile delinquency. Each style of the family unit has traits that alter the risk of delinquency.

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Murray, J. and Farrington, D. (2005). Parental imprisonment: effects on boys' antisocial behaviour and delinquency through the life-course. J Child Psychol & Psychiat, 46(12), pp.1269-1278. In 1946 Bowlby made an association between parent- child separation and delinquency.

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You brought up a subject that does not get enough attention as it deserves- the affect of incarceration on families. There is always lots of discussion and debate in the media about crime, victims of crime, police, and prisons. I do not think we hear nearly enough about the detrimental affect that incarceration has on families and communities. These effects can be great and long-lasting. Like you mentioned, one negative result is the loss of income from a missing, incarcerated parent.

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In today’s society there’s several contributing factors to juvenile delinquency. Social-control theories argue that all humans have the ability and opportunity to commit delinquent or criminal offenses. Most abstain from such behavior because of fear and social constraints. This perspective explains juvenile delinquency as a reflection of inadequate external social control and internalized social values for some youths, creating a freedom in which delinquent conduct may occur. Between social-control theories and social disorganization theory both relates to the inability of social institutions, communities to adequately socialize, control its youth and social-bonding theory.

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Today, there are proven facts that people who have parents that are criminals have a high chance of becoming criminals themselves. Not only can people become criminals because of their family but they can also become criminals because of the environment that they surround themselves in. This is where nature versus nurture comes into play. A person’s nature is their genetic makeup, basically meaning that a person’s nature is the genes they get from their parents. Also, a person’s genotype, one’s genetic makeup based on the sequencing of the nucleotides we term, provides them with physical traits that set the stage for certain behaviors (56).

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Criminal behaviour has always been an interest for psychologists, for they could never quite come to a conclusion between nature and nurture. Research concerning this topic has been organized for many years and due to the never ending debate, is still being conducted. I have decided to read and write about this myself, for I was genuinely curious about the matter and wanted to be a part of the research, as I felt responsible to do so. I believe that in order to stop something, it must be discussed and scrutinized. What effects do genes have on criminal behaviour, why do peer pressure and habitat influence a person to commit crimes and are men really more violent than women?

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In family structure, high parenting stress cause children’s problematic behavior especially in single parent. If the child has a high sense of school belonging, the child is likely to participate in delinquent behavior. The passage points out important areas to improve family structure and school belonging. Merino, N. (2010). Juvenile Crime.

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Understanding the risk and protective factors of child delinquency is imperative in order to create and implement treatment and intervention programs. Because children’s behavior develops during the first five years, it is important to know what risk and protective factors could increase the likelihood of a child becoming a child offender (Wasserman et al., 2003). Moreover, overcoming the risk factors would help prevent the child offender from becoming a juvenile, and later, adult offender. As Wasserman et al (2003) stated, “risk factors for child delinquency operate in several domains: the individual child, the child’s family, the child’s peer group, the child’s school, the child’s neighborhood, and the media” (pg.1). As one can see, children are exposed to risk in partially every aspect of their lives.

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According to Siegel (2015), trait theory is the view that criminality is a product of abnormal biological or psychological traits which can be subdivided into two major categories: those that stress biological makeup and those that stress psychological functioning (p. 109). Biological trait theories includes four different conditions: biochemical, neurophysiological, genetic, and evolutionary. Biochemical factors will include diet, hypoglycemia, hormonal influences, premenstrual syndrome, lead exposure, and environmental contaminants. Neurophysiological factors will include brain structure, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, brain chemistry, and arousal theory. Genetic causes could stem from parental deviance, adoption studies, and

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A theory that explains juvenile delinquency is the Psychological theory. This theory focuses on the personality of the offenders rather than biological or social situations. This theory easily explains juvenile delinquency when looking at the three interrelated parts of the personality- id, ego, and superego. The id is the part of the personality that is supposed to destroy aggression which usually controlled as a person grows and learns social norms and rules; however, an over aggressive person may have an under regulated id which could cause them to be violent.

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The set of the structural-functional theories are among the most widespread perspectives on the juvenile delinquency. The group of the theories regards that the behavior of the underage delinquent is caused by the breakdown of the social process that consequently results in the increase of conformity (Thompson & Bynum, 2016). The group of theories presumably blame institutions that are responsible for the socialization of the young delinquents for the way the socialize the individuals by causing them to conform to the values of the society. One of the central theories of the juvenile delinquency is the anomie theory that is rooted in the early studies by the sociologist Emile Durkheim.

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We all know that parents, since the child is born, are always by their child’s side since they share a same home and should be the one to monitor their children while he or she is growing up. David P. Farrington (Farrington, n.d) stated that family factor, poor parental child-rearing methods especially lack of guidance and control from parents, is the most common answer when people are asked about the main cause of crimes. Moreover, according to Lieb Roxanne (1994), family components can predict an early sign of delinquency. Some weak way of predictions are based on the socioeconomic status of the family, and the less affection of the child to parents. However, the lack of guidance and letting the child to feel being unwanted is a strong predictor or root of

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