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Feminist Perspectives

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Week 8: How have feminist perspectives changed the way criminologists think about the causes of and responses to crime? Feminism is the belief than men and women should have equal rights and opportunities (White, Haines and Asquith, 2012). The feminist perspective is based on the notion that women are disadvantaged due to the structural position of men and women in society (White, Haines and Asquith, 2012). The feminist perspective argues that the justice system is bias towards men (White, Haines and Asquith, 2012). For many years, women have struggled with oppression and the fight for individual rights (White, Haines and Asquith, 2012). Historically, there has been a lack of acknowledgement of women as offenders and as victims. This is due …show more content…

The 1960s to the 1970s, was the basis for the emergence of feminist critical thought on gendered perspectives including criminology (White, Haines and Asquith, 2012). The second wave of feminism saw a more critical analysis of masculinity and crime (White, Haines and Asquith, 2012). The different types of feminism have seen valuable contributions to criminological theories today (White, Haines and Asquith, 2012). Liberal feminism has made a significant contribution to the development and application of law, especially in discrimination (White, Haines and Asquith, 2012). Radical feminism regards male dominance as the cause of gender identity (White, Haines and Asquith, 2012). While cultural feminism places an emphasis on the need for a history of women’s’ victimisation and offending, the feminist perspective has made significant contributions informing critical criminology (White, Haines and Asquith, 2012). It challenged traditional definitions of crime, it was critical of criminal justice practice and present crime (White, Haines and Asquith, 2012). It raised questions about the authenticity of recorded statistics, in particular, police statistics and moved the criminological thinking discussion (White, Haines and Asquith, 2012). The feminist perspective has raised awareness of issues of family violence and male violence

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She states that books are still being produced in this way of ‘history from below’ drawing on methods of positive social science to identify pattern using quantitative analysis to analyse and evaluate statistics of indictments, verdicts and sentencing. Walker however in her aims to focus on the individual sexes approach to crime and specifically gender she take a new approach of combining both quantitative and qualitative analysis of court records to produce a more unique and deeper understanding into criminality within England in the Early modern Period and how the importance of society thus impacted this. This is supported by Malcolm M. Feeley and Deborah L. Little who in their article The Vanishing Female: The Decline of Women in the Criminal Process, 1687-1912 suggest a factor contributing to the decline of female involvement in crime was due to societal views on

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Behind the Scenes: UCR Edition Any criminal act in Canada is regulated by the Criminal Code therefore, any discussion about “The typical starting point for any discussion of crime in Canada involves the Criminal Code. is the Criminal Code.” (Morden and Palys, 2015, p. 74) A contradiction is apparent within the Criminal Code that crime is objective and the Uniform Crime Report is subjective.

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Introduction: The criminal justice system's belief in fairness is called into question when critical criminological viewpoints are applied to different components. Rather than maintaining objectivity, these viewpoints suggest that institutional processes actually serve to reinforce social inequality. We may gain a better understanding of how systemic biases appear and contribute to injustices within these institutions by critically analyzing important components like public policy, policing, courts, and corrections through lenses like Critical Race Theory, Social Conflict Theory, Postcolonial Theory, Feminist Theory, and Queer Theory. Institutions in the criminal justice system are frequently viewed in today's society as impartial arbiters of law and order. Critical criminological viewpoints, however, highlight the fundamental prejudices and disparities built in these structures.

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What is the role of women and crime? A majority of criminology theories do not heavily place women’s stance of crime and, as the emphasis of lawbreaking is focused mainly on men, Feminist theory of crime on the other hand attempts to justify crime and the part of women in society. In the book Criminology Goes to the Movies: Crime Theory and Popular Culture by Nicole Rafter explains crime using multiple alternatives of feminist theory to explain how women in society consider crime based on the societal role of women. in the movie Thelma and Louise, it portrays the struggle of women, as the men in their world overwhelming show their power keeping both the main characters Thelma and Louise under control exhibiting dominance over them. The conflict

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For example, women who “testify against these men, or even punish the golden boys whose guilt has been firmly established are subsequently reluctant to be believed” (Manne 197). The refusal to be heard depicts how women who speak out about their assaults are doubted, as the perpetrators separate themselves from the unpleasant events of oppressive aggression. This conveys that men are shown sympathy, even when in the wrong, as it is strenuous to acknowledge the problem, more specifically the misogyny and harassment women face. Additionally, introducing the argument that “claiming the moral spotlight as a woman over an equally or more privileged man is about as fraught as giving testimony against him, given a tacit ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬–¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ and often mistaken competition – for sympathetic attention and moral priority” (Manne 209), exemplifies the continuation of silencing and humiliating women who seek solutions for particular offenses. Demonstrating the correlation between women in leadership positions and misogyny relates to the main ideology that, from a man’s point of view, women are secondary and seek attention to gain popularity.

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To begin the essay, it is best to look at the general concept of women policing according to an article called Policing Women/Top Cops/Triumph of Spirit, the history and current status of women in law enforcement is a topic of interest for women who wish to enter the profession (Rienerth, 2001). It through this article, that women were first used in the criminal justice system in the 1800s to deal with female prisoners as they were matrons in jails and prisons (Rienerth, 2001). Early female police officers often came from the ranks of social work and were located in separate department, had separate outfits, pay scales and duties from the male officers (Rienerth, 2001). Often times because of the female officers’ social work experience it was

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Freda Adler is criminologist and educator who was currently serving as Professor Emeritus at Rutgers University. She has acted as a consultant to the United Nations on criminal justice matters since 1975, holding various roles within United Nations organizations. Robert Merton was an educator at Columbia University, where he became professor. Merton was awarded the US National Medal of Science, for founding the sociology of science and for his pioneering contributions to the study of social life, especially the self-fulfilling prophecy and the unintended consequences of social action. Freda’s greatest contribution was to bring attention to feminist theory primarily through the publication of Sisters in crime: The rise of the new female criminal by doing this Adler 's contributions changed criminology by ushering in a new and (at the time) controversial way of viewing female deviants and offenders.

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From the case regarding the aboriginal woman, we can see that her race was used against her by using racist stereotypes to validate the credibility of her testimony. If the victim was not aboriginal and perhaps white, would the question of race be part of the process or would they have focused on the crime that was committed? Similarly, gendering strategies are used to prevail the society’s concept of the dominating men and subordinate women. Since aggression is normalized among men, the law does not focus on why men commit violent crimes. This can be clearly seen in the case of the woman that testified against her rapist.

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The Feminist Voice was a newspaper series of feminist literature; in this literature, it discusses women’s beliefs and their fight against male dominance. There were many women led protests throughout the United States including: New York, Los Angeles, Miami, Washington, Boston, St. Louis, and Chicago. The women in protest demanded for equal rights, expulsion of job discrimination, establishment of child-care centers, and repealment of abortion laws. Out of all these cities, Chicago was the first city in the United States to form their own feminist group provoking an uprising in feminism. In Chicago 1971, The Feminist Voice, was published by a group of individual women part of the Chicago Women 's Liberation Union.

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A collection of data from the US National Library of Medicine found while studying a total of 215,273 homicides, 77% of the homicide victims were men and only 23% female. Another report from the US Department of Justice saw that 89% of men will be the victim of at least one violent crime. Women get less jail time than men and women are not in as much danger as males, that is

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Feminism is substantial topic in itself including many different types such as liberal, radical, Marxist and socialist. In the 1960s onwards the second wave of feminism and growth came forwards. Feminist theories are a group of related theories that share many principles that are in common and focuses on the analyzation of gender inequality. The basic principles of the feminist theory are the relationship between men and women has been unequal and oppressive, all known societies have been patriarchal and all major social institutions have been characterized by male dominance such as economy, political system, family and religion. In this essay, I will be assessing the impact of feminism has on criminology.

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Feminism through the ages has been about advocating the rights of women in equality to men. In Kate Hughes article, “I’ve Been Pondering Whether You Can Be a Part-Feminist: Young Australian Women’s Studies Students Discuss Gender” she interviews Women Studies students on their stance on feminism. Some students label themselves as feminist, with the stipulation that they are not “radical feminists”. Radical or extreme feminists have taken on a more aggressive approach than the waves of feminism that have come before. Radical feminists target existing social norms and institutions rather than using a purely political process which was seen before.

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Throughout this semester, we have been reading a variety of different books that cover a wide variety of topics ranging from religious freedom to the stories of those who are affected by war. For my paper, I chose to focus on the topic of how feminism is different in the non-Western world compared to those who live in the Western world. I chose to focus on the books, I, Tituba Black Witch of Salem by Maryse Conde and the book The River Between by Ngũgĩ wa Thiong 'o. For the first book, I focused on the book, I, Tituba Black Witch of Salem by Maryse Conde. The main character in this book, Tituba, faced a lot of events that tests her perseverance and even causes her to change her lifestyle to ensure that she was able to survive her ever changing surroundings.

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Thus, it is also true that some women will receive more media attention than others regardless of the involved crime. Unfortunately, the heavy emphasis on the “ideal victims” causes different levels of subliminal strain to society. Constant portrayal of “ideal victims” can cause society to believe that committing crimes will lead to less severe punishments if able to “qualify” as an “ideal

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