Fertility Family Planning

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Fertility is one of the major components of population growth. The past few decades have witnessed a major decline in world fertility majorly from developed countries, making global and even regional aggregates have widespread diversity in fertility change. In Asia and Latin America fertility declines over the past half century have been very permeating. Between the early 1950s and the early 2000s, the total fertility rate (TFR) dropped from 5.7 to 2.4 births per woman in Asia and from 5.9 to 2.3 births per woman in Latin America. In these regions just a few nations still have fertility rates higher than four births per woman (Bongaarts, 2011). In sub-Saharan Africa, nonetheless, fertility

It empowers couples to settle on educated choices about whether and when to have children, decreases unwanted pregnancies and additionally maternal and infant deaths, which can be a decent instrument for fertility control. It increments educational and economic opportunities for women and prompts healthier families and communities. It is a shrewd, sensible, and fundamental segment of worldwide health and development. Then again, more than 220 million women in developing countries who would prefer not to get pregnant need access to contraceptives and willful family planning information and services. Short of what 20 percent of women in sub-Saharan Africa use present day contraceptives (Gates Foundation, 2014). According to United Nations, an estimated 80 million women in developing countries had an unwanted pregnancy; of those ladies, no less than one in four turned to a risky fetus removal (unsafe abortion). Making contraceptives all the more generally accessible and available in developing countries is a huge test that can unequivocally cause the variations in fertility among the developing and developed countries (UN, 2010). The high wanted family size that prevails in most Africa nations supports fertility increment. Fertility would stay well above replacement levels regardless of the possibility that the current unmet need for contraceptives could be resolved. From procuring

Included as family members are those whose relationship to the household head is a wife, son, daughter, father, mother, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, sister, brother, granddaughter and grandson or other relative.
7.) Socio-economic status: is the condition which defines the social and economic condition of a person in society.
8.) Total fertility rate: is the average number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with current age-specific fertility rates.
9.) Reproductive health: is a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters related to the reproductive system and to its functions and processes. It is a gamut of human sexuality and reproductive processes, functions and system at all stages of life.
10.) Demographic bonus: is a window of opportunity in the development of a society or nation that opens up as fertility rates decline when faster rates of economic growth and human development are possible when combined with effective policies and