3. French culture
It is very important to understand critical aspects of the French culture within this research. First, it represents "the external environment" that impacts the foundation and development of Skema’s organizational structure and the behavior of many of its decision makers. (Boyacigiller & Adler, 1991). Further, the French culture influences the surrounding milieu in which French and international students interact and adapt.
The figures below represent a comparison between France/China, and France /United States, to show how the six dimensions can greatly differ from one country to the other.
According to the official website of Geert Hofstede, France ranks fairly high in power distance with a score of 68. Accordingly, French
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Conflict can result with misunderstanding, judgments and misconceptions that can hinder the process and reduce efficiency (Hogan, 2007). Other studies by Cox & Blake have also identified cross communication problems that occur in international environments. On the other hand, some scholars have studied the positive impact of diversity on the quality of work.
1. Cross cultural conflict, communication, and communication problems
Hogan anticipated challenges and difficulties of working in a culturally diverse group. When there are cultural differences within the same group work, there is more room for clashes and disappointments. Hence, the collective background may not necessarily represent the ideal positive environment for higher productivity.
Ting-Toomey & Oetzel explain conflict (as cited in Boyacigiller, Goodman & Phillips) as an undesired atmosphere of irritation, disturbance, annoyance and dissatisfaction caused by disagreement on goals, procedures, standards, results, different values or limited resources, between members of one group from at least two different
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When misunderstandings happen at first level of language, they are easier to identify and solve, since language is a subject that members can relatively learn easily (Adler & Graham, 1989). Values however are very different from the first two types. Resolving issues at this level could be perplexing. Values are deeper concepts. They are more complex and abstract. Observing them and understanding how they could drive different behaviors in one team requires a greater level of