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Sigmund Freud's Stages Of Childhood Development

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Later on Freud began focusing on the early development of children and how during each age, the child focuses his attention to a specific body part. He proposed that childhood development goes through stages and if a child does not fufill and leave one stage they become fixated to it. Freud was convinced that our personalities form in our first few years as we pass through a series of psychosexual stages. Here comes the unconsious part and the ID that seeks pleasure from our sensitive areas. First is the oral stage that starts from birth where libido is centred in baby's mouth through breastfeeding and putting all sorts of things in his mouth. Individuals who are fixated at this stage engage in overeating and smoking. Then comes the anal stage …show more content…

Anna's publication of “The Ego” was written while Stigmud was still alive. It became Anna's mission to build up the ego so it would be able to face the strikes of reality. She believed that anxiety builds up when the Ego looses control over the ID and Superego, so she proposed a series of defence mechanisms that reduces anxiety and help us cope with reality. Defence mechanisms are split into three categories; primitive, less mature and mature (Baumeister, Dale, & Sommer, …show more content…

In general psychoanalysts feel that psychotherapy works best at the point when the therapists concentrates on building up a relationship with the client and for the most part overlook the patient's past. They trust that in doing as such, therapists break clients out of the cycle of identifying with others that they believe keep psychopathology. Burch and Campbell (2013) pointed out that the psychoanalysts who still believe in the old school method are irrelevant today. The current era want a “quick fix” and they are merely forced to change ideas about the therapy they are providing. The unconscious has still has it's place in psychoanalytic therapy but now biological predispositions, early childhood experiences play a vital role on how to treat psychopathology. Fonagy (2003) clearly stated that now we tend to focus more on the brain functioning on how neurons develop in order individuals to form relationships and how they affects the clients

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Freud’s psychosexual stages of development focused on his observations of how children focus on pleasure as they mature and occur one after the other, fixations can form during these stages (Hawkes et al., 2001). al, 2001). The. The phallic stage focuses on the genitals as a source of pleasure and if there are issues during this stage then this stage can lead to overindulgence or avoidance of sexual behaviour (Hawkes et al. al, 2001).

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Sigmund Freud and his theories on childhood development were extremely popular and widely accepted all the way up until the 1960s (Felluga). Freud put great emphasis on the impact early childhood development had on becoming a well-adjusted adult. He claims, “The structure of the psyche receives its final form during childhood, specifically at the time of the Oedipus complex” (U. of California). This complex is essential in identifying with either the mother or father, in order to establish sexual orientation (Felluga). During this stage, from ages 4-7, the child finds ways to deal with separation anxiety, and it is also the time that the ego fully matures into the superego: “an internalization of the parental function that eventually manifested itself in your conscience” (Cherry).

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Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) believed in a psychodynamic approach to psychology and focused on how the unconscious mind motivates the actions of a person. He believed that the psyche was divided into three parts (tripartite), the id, the ego and the superego, and all three develop at different stages in our lives. Whether we acknowledge the presence of this subconscious or not, it influences greatly the actions we engage in. The id (it), according to Freud, is the part of the brain that seeks pleasure, and is the most primitive part that makes up the personality.

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Freud begins by questioning human sexuality conceived as the effect of a natural instinct. By introducing the notion of drive instead of instinct, there is a breakdown in the concept of "normal", since the sexual drive has no natural purpose or end. Subsequently, Freud makes a distinction between the sexual and the genital. To clarify the distinction made between the sexual and the genital, Freud gives as an example the act of kissing. In the kiss, there is no intervention of genital organs and yet there is something strongly sexual.

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The curious case ‘From the History of an Infantile Neurosis’, (Freud, S (1918[1914]) or more familiar the ‘Wolfman’ is one of Freud’s most famous case histories. In short, the Freud attempted to figure out why for the Wolfman (Serguei) the wolves represented a great deal of anxiety and how the wolves represented his fear of his father or particularly his sexuality and his desire of being sexually satisfied by his father. Freud’s revolutionary theory of infantile sexuality specifically the Oedipus complex and the presumed inadequate castration has manifested themselves in the Wolfman when he was a young boy deviating him from the so called ‘’normal’’ sexuality. Freud began his analysis by getting general idea of his life up until age 4 when the dream about the wolves caused an anxiety in him. He came to Freud due to his ‘’compulsive loving’’, his desire which is to have sex with different women who are lower status than him, mostly being servants and prostitutes.

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I will try to explain, through my own understanding of the work, what problems I find that has not made me entirely convince on Freud’s theory of sexuality. In my capacity as a psychology student, I feel as though Freud places all of his emphasis on sexuality with no space for normality of biological development. For example, in the upbringing of children it is quite normal for example

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Greenberg (1986) believes Freud’s case studies do not place enough stress on revealing the outcome of the treatment and that Freud’s aim was more to illustrate his theoretical points (p.240). In cases, Greenberg asserts that many of the presented cases would not even be considered acceptable examples of psychoanalysis and, in short, that virtually all of the cases studies had basic shortcomings (p.240). Furthermore, many other powerful criticisms about Freud inaccurate and subsequently flawed evidence have been published. These critics contend that Freud’s evidence is flawed due to the lack of an experiment, the lack of a control group, and the lack of observations that went unrecorded (Colby, 1960, p.54).

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The Comparison between Freud and Jung: Their Contributions, Similarities and Differences Many people have known about psychology because of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung (Blundell, 2014). In spite of the fact that they have various theories, they have so many contributions to understand the struggle of human mind. Their theories and thoughts have not always differed from each other (Blundell, 2014). Once, they were friends and colleagues.

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Child development is an area of significant interest to professionals who deal with children on a daily basis. It is through child development theorists and their theories that we begin to form an understanding of how children develop emotionally and socially to become fully grown adults in society with a moral and emotional compass/. Teachers need to study child development in order to provide developmentally appropriate educational experiences for children. Health professionals also need to understand this area to support children in their physical, social, emotional and cognitive journey to becoming functioning adults in society. Childhood is a concept that is affected by social context and also by history. Here in the West childhood was not always considered to be a fundamental developmental phase in life with children in Victorian times working from as early as the age of four.

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With his focus being sexual in nature, that will be his residing side. Freud claims as adults we resolve conflicts between sources of pleasure at each individual stage and the demands of realty (Santrock, 2013). Freud’s Theory had been revised by many psychoanalytic theorists, but they portrayed that he overemphasized sexual instinct. One of his most influential critics or revisionist is Erik Erikson.

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Psychoanalytic Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) is reflected as the forefathers of psychology and founder of psychoanalysis. Based on Freud’s theories, psychoanalytic therapy is a type of treatment that tends to observe at the background from early childhood to perceive if these situations have affected the individual’s life, or to current issues. (Counselling Directory, 2014) This therapy discovers how the unconscious mind empowers thoughts and behaviors, with the purpose of offering insight and resolution to the person seeking therapy. This form of therapy is a long-term treatment whereby it can take duration up to weeks, months or even years depending on the complexity of the patient being explored.

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Freud Erikson and Piaget Theories Regarding Development There were many theories that were developed regarding development so we as individuals can each understand what each theorist concluded from their opinions. Freud theory was created in 1917 and he initiated that human development was based on five stages oral, anal, phallic latency and genital. In the oral stage of this theory he suggested that infants are infatuated with their mouths because this were they get constant pleasure. In the anal stage children are paying more attention to their anus because this is where they distinguished the signals of what their body is projecting to them.

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Id represent basic biological urges and strives for gratification and demands of the Pleasure Principle (Freud, 1922). Logically Id develop first and Freud ideas were surely rooted in parenthood. Having children I know that an infant does not conform and is driven by basic instincts. My daughter first cry for food was her first communication. As she grew her efforts sophisticated with clear development of something Freud call a super-ego.

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Freud also drove a strong movement that sex drive is the most important motivating force. “He went on to identify that at times in our lives we find different areas on our bodies pleasurable and today these are known as erogenous zones. These ideas mixed together to form Freud’s Psychosexual Stage Theory which is still taught in textbooks today”. This theory consisted of five different stages. The first is the oral stage, in it a newborns to eighteen month old infants find pleasure from the mouth, specifically, sucking.

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This theory stresses that early experiences with parents shape one’s development. Freud is best known for his psychoanalytic theory. Freud believed that sexual motivation was behind development, so his 5 stages of development are known as psychosexual stages. Erikson believed that there were 8 stages of development as we go through life. According to Freud, the primary motivation for human behavior is sexual in nature and our basic personality is shaped in the first five years of life.

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