Freud's Stages Of Development

The Psychodynamic approach was created by Sigmund Freud, the theory is over 100 years old, Freud was interested in helping people, he mainly looked at the unconscious mind, he also looked at relationships and what the functions of our dreams are.

Freud developed stages of development which consist of 8 stages, trust vs mistrust, autonomy vs shame, initiative vs guilt, industry vs inferiority, ego identity vs role confusion, intimacy vs isolation, generativity vs stagnation and ego integrity vs despair. His stages focus on the needs for healthy development at a certain age, and social crises.

If someone accomplishes this then they develop a basic virtue which can then be used to work our crises in later life, failure can result in an inability

Erik Erikson developed on from Freud's ideas, he believed in the oedipus and electra complex, he also took freud's concepts about the ego and other stages and he developed them further, he was the first theorist to define stages of development throughout life, he was concerned mainly with the social processes dealt with, by the ego, not the unconscious drives of the id and superego, he based his ideas on social issues like relationships, trust and how we fit in so society and how we see ourselves to others.

According to McLeod (2017) Erik Erikson developed the eight psychosocial stages that focus on social crises, a specific challenge, that needs to be overcome at that age for normal, healthy development, he believed If we are successful we develop a basic virtue which we can then use to resolve subsequent crises in later stages, failure can result in a reduced ability to complete further stages and therefore a more unhealthy personality and sense of self, these stages can be resolved successfully at a later

The approach looks at every individual holistically to understand the individual, it is based on the nurture of an individual as we are a result of our upbringing, experiences and our environment,

The Humanistic approach is continuous as it is based on an individual's development and how if a person is given love, nurture and whatever they need to develop they will do so, in their own time and Rogers does not put stages into his approach.

There are three parts to our personally and our self concept, our self worth, self image and our ideal self, our personality is unique to ourselves.

Carl rogers said we prefer to see ourselves in a way that we are consistent with our self image and to stop ourselves feeling indesirable we start to use defence mechanisms such as denial, repression and projection and this can mean pushing people away, a person whose self concept is incongruent will have feeling and experiences will defend because the truth