The yellow solution containing the reactants was slowly poured into the beaker containing the cold water and the acid in order to cause the precipitation of the alcohol, 9-fluorenol and to destroy (hydrolyzed) the unreacted excess sodium borohydride. Subsequently, the white precipitate was vacuum filtered and washed twice with 20.0 ml portions of distilled cold water by pouring the liquid into the Buchner Funnel during filtration. It was necessary to wash the alcohol prior to recrystallization considering that the C-OH bond is easily broken by the formation of a stable and benzylic carbocation that favors the synthesis of difluorenyl ether. Finally, before the purification by recrystallization of the obtained product, the white solid alcohol was allowed to dry over a period of a
Does the city of grand rapids add fluoride to their water source? Why am I writing this paper? Well because it is an assignment and it will show the pros and cons of adding fluoride to the water. Cities started putting fluoride in the water in the late 1940’s.
People fighting for ‘Liberty’ “Actions speak more than words” is a modern cliché, and that is exactly what can be used to describe this true hero, Anthony Benezet. Being a strong abolitionist with such a high determination from Philadelphia in the 1770s, he wanted to make good use of the societal changes happening at the time with slavery. His action in proving that black students and white students had the same capabilities of understanding later persuaded more abolitionists to support the fight for the rights of the blacks. He made multiple writings which just kept spreading and impacting negatively to the supporters of slavery.
After the first Republican debate Fiorina had a significant bump-up in the polls. The reason for this increase is clearly due to the fact that she is a good debater. One of her strong suits is that she is able to speak in a language that is bold and crisp. She has a way of debating that provides straight forward answers, without being afraid to put other individuals on the spot.
Toxins are present in everyday life in a variety of places. Ethylene glycol, commonly found in antifreeze and other household products. Ethylene glycol can be toxic to humans, as well as pets. With antifreeze founds in many households, it is common for pets to find and ingest this toxin. Commonly found in garages where antifreeze is kept, the sweet tasting liquid is often was entices pets to drink it up.
When we’re finding out something that shakes us and makes us upset we look for others to support us through these feelings. Sometimes when we share something terrible, we get a sympathetic response making us feel even worse. Even when we don’t know people in the streets on the cold December night we feel for them when the icy air blows by. To understand the lack of compassion for someone in pain is difficult, not thinking about how that would feel if it was us. However, in Reading the Holocaust we get multiple stories of the survivors experience and how they dealt with surviving the horrible camps in a nonfiction novel by Inga Clendinnen.
It is the most abundant disaccharide in the biological world, synthesised by plants and other oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, but principally obtained from the juice of sugar cane and sugar beets [117, 118]. Sucrose possesses many comparable characteristics to trehalose for its use as a cryoprotectant, including being chemically innocuous, hydrophilic, having a low hygroscopicity and having a positive influence on the glass transition temperature [90]. However, L. Zhang et al. [105] showed sucrose displayed the largest increase in particle size and distribution compared to the four other cryoprotectants studied. Although despite this, in a study by M. Holzer et al.
Introduction Gas hydrates also known as clathrates have been known for about 200 years. For over 60 years they have been studied by oil and gas industries. According to (Cranganu and Nitzov), It wasn’t until about 18 years ago many publication companies covered articles about the potential energy sources they could be as well as Characterization, Carbon Sequestration, geophysics, and Global climate changes. Over the recent years it’s been a high demand for finding new sources of energy that were more sustainable as well as powerful. Well we found gas hydrates and with this its many pros as well as cons to opening up the use of it in the world.
Joshua Miller 12/18/17 Fermentation Lab report Introduction The term fermentation refers to the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat (wikipedia). Sugars are converted to ethyl alcohol when fermentation happens. In this experiment we determined if yeast cells undergo fermentation when placed in a closed flask with no oxygen. Glucose and yeast are mixed together in a closed flask and allowed to incubate for about one hour.
Fractional distillation was the better technique of separating toluene and cyclohexane than simple distillation because it had a greater percent toluene difference for fractions 2 and 4. Fraction 2 composed of mostly cyclohexane with a toluene percentage closer to 0% compared to simple distillation, while fraction 4 composed of mostly toluene with 100% toluene. The 100% toluene in fraction 4 indicated that the compound was purer in fractional distillation than in simple distillation, which had less percent
Do you think the sun, wind, and corn can save our economy? Help keep us safer? Protect the environment? The Pro-Quest staff reports that the United States of America is getting a majority of its oil imported from their countries which can be a point of concern in fuel cost.
High fructose corn syrup is basically a corn syrup in which enzymes have been additional to alteration selected of the glucose to fructose and creation the product syrup sweeter than corn syrup. In this report I will cover basic ideas and information related to high fructose corn syrup, physical and chemical properties of HFCS. There are many manufacturer process, that used corn syrup as an raw material, and HFCS used in many food stuffs for developing better taste, odor and flavor. In the middle section of this report I will show the process flow diagram of the process that uses starch as an raw material for the production of HFCS. At the end of this report I will cover up, how environment affected due to the production of HFCS, and what are
Tom Standage’s book “A History of the World in 6 Glasses”, showed how six varied drinks can have drastic effects on human civilization. Beer, wine, spirits, coffee, tea, and Coca-Cola all have helped mold the world into what it is today, and though the marks of alcoholic and caffeinated drinks are different, there are similarities between them as well. With their effects on the body being polar opposites, alcohol and caffeine impacted economies differently, and even influenced the U.S. in their own distinctive ways. One thing they both share however is their impact on ancient medicine, giving way to decreased disease and increased population. Alcohol was first consumed as beer in ancient Sumeria when growing wheat and barley became popular.
thanol is the desired product for the experiment, and it can be produced in various methods. Traditionally, it can be produced by the fermentation of sugar, starches, or cellulose. Synthetic ethanol can also be produced from ethene with the use of steam and catalyst. In scheme 1, it shows the reaction of how ethene converts into ethanol. Using catalyst, often time H3PO4, and running the reaction in 300°C with high pressure and high steam, ethene will react with water and produces ethanol.
DETERMINATION OF PERCENTAGE ETHANOL IN BEVERAGES 1. Introduction to Gas Chromatography Gas chromatography is a very powerful separation technique for compounds that are reasonably volatile. The components of a sample partitions into two phases, the 1st of these phases is a immobile bed with a great surface area, and the other is a gas phase that permeates through the immobile bed. The sample is evaporated and passed by the mobile gas phase or the carrier gas through the column. Samples separates into the stationary liquid phase, based on their solubilities at the given temperature.
