Fundamental Organelles In Eukaryotic Cells

Figure 1: Type of cells

The fundamental organelles in eukaryotic cell include: mitochondrion that is the powerhouse of metabolism, generating energy by process of respiration in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) .It has its own stranded DNA hence able to self-replicate itself and multiply to replace the worn out cells during process of respiration .The mitochondrion is sac-like in its structure. The cell membrane is an organelle with the ability to select permeable substances into the cell hence able to transport desired material into the cell. In prokaryotic cells, the cell membrane is made up of glycolipid and glycoprotein thus providing mechanical resistance to the cell by being the base of attachment for cytoskeleton in some organisms.

Golgi apparatus contains flattened sacs with a protein and handles modifying the proteins received from the endoplasmic reticulum. The vesicle then transports these proteins to the desired region of the body. Lysosome has a spherical sac containing the enzymes necessary for breaking down cellular materials in the cell such as microorganisms that are engulfed by the cell. The nucleus of the cell carries genetic information, it contains DNA and RNA, which are important in transcription and translation during genetic coding. DNA sequence is transcribed into the messenger RNA controlling the manufacture of proteins by the ribosome during growth and reproduction. The nucleus control every cellular activity of the cell since it handles sending a blueprint of proteins required to be synthesized by the ribosome. The nucleus contains nucleolus responsible for synthesizing DNA and ribosome and controls all activities of the cell.

1.7 Bacterial Cell Structure

Bacteria are the large microscopic group of organisms found in Kingdom Monera and are prokaryotic, unicellular living freely or as parasites. They are single celled lacking nucleus reproducing by spore formation or fission. They live in other organisms and normally cause diseases (harmful) but there are other bacteria beneficial to humans, these include bacteria located in the stomach and those aiding in

Diplobacilli appears in pairs after division, streptobacillus appear in chains after dividing while coccobacilli are short and flat hence look like cocci. Spiral bacteria are twisted in nature Vibrio as spiral has curved rods while spirillums have a rigid body that is helical in shape. Spirochetes have helical and flexible bodies; they move by using axial filaments. Bacteria also has other shapes including star-shaped Stella with about 0.5 µm in diameter, rectangular shaped Holoarcula with a diameter of about 0.5 µm and is from genus