ipl-logo

Gamma Protein Analysis

8662 Words35 Pages

ABSTRACT
Gamma secretase enzyme is a multi-subunit proteinase complex, an integral membrane protein that severs single-pass transmembrane proteins at residues intervals the transmembrane domain. The most substrates of γ- secretase are amyloid precursor protein (APP), an outsized integral membrane macromolecule that, once cleaved by each γ-and β-secretase, produces 39-42 amino acid amide known as amyloid beta whose abnormally folded fibrillar type is that the primary part of amyloid plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients.
The gamma-secretase complex consists of 4 individual proteins: presenilin, PEN-2 (presenilin enhancer 2), APH-1 (anterior pharynx-defective 1), nicastrin. We know the structure of 2 subunits presenilin and …show more content…

Figure.12: The complex structure of all the subunits of gamma-secretase .

The Ramachandran plot analysis of the gamma protein structure is finished for the favoured region, allowed region and also the outlier regions.

The tertiary structure of the gamma-secretase is being predicted with generally number of residues in the favoured region in Ramachandran plot. The residue in favoured region and also the allowed regions are found to be 91.40 % and 6.0 % of the total residues respectively. This show good interaction of subunit structures to form the complex structure of γ-secretase.

Docked result of all the subunits
(1044residues) Number of Residue Percentage of the total
Favoured Region 954 91.4
Allowed Region 63 6.0
Outlier Region 27 2.6

Table.6: Ramachadran plot analysis of the tertiary structure generated using all the subunits of the gamma-secretase Figure.13: Ramachandran plot of the tertiary structure generated from all the subunits of gamma-secretase.

DISCUSSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE
Swiss PDB Viewer

Show More
Related
2136 Words | 9 Pages

By completing this experiment, knowledge collected about optimal pH in enzymes will help

Read More
1117 Words | 5 Pages

All enzymes are under the class of protein biomolecule. Amino acids are the basic units that are combined to make up an enzyme. The biomolecule that stores information is a Nucleic Acid. The specific 3-D region within an enzyme is called the active site. The chemical

Read More
8201 Words | 33 Pages

ABSTRACT NRC-04, a novel antimicrobial peptide derived from skin mucous secretions of flat fish winter flounder, shows a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. In order to understand the conformational change of NRC-04 in different types of membrane, our team did experiments on NRC-04 with negatively charged bacterial surface membrane mimetic micelles sodium dodecyl sulphate(SDS), zwitterionic eukaryotic middle membrane mimetic micelles dodecylphosphocholine(DPC), gram-negative bacteria outer membrane mimetic micelles Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and bacterial inner membrane mimetic micelles 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol(POPG). Fluorescence test shows that the C-terminus tryptophan residue of NRC-04 interacts with the hydrophobic

Read More
1010 Words | 5 Pages

They provide a structural support for cells, help transport materials across the cell membrane, and have the ability to speed up chemical reactions. Proteins have four levels of structure. The primary structure includes the sequence of amino acids. The secondary level refers to the protein backbone and the type of structure such as alpha helixes and beta sheets. The two types of structures pack together into stable domains.

Read More
1488 Words | 6 Pages

Background: Many people experience excessive gas, bloating, and discomfort in the intestinal areas. While there are other contributing causes, food is the one variable that mainly causes these problems, such as: broccoli, beans, dairy products, grains, etc. Beans, for example, contain oligosaccharides that makes it hard for the body to digest. These carbohydrate rich foods makes digesting difficult because they all contain high-fiber, starch, lactose, etc. Beano® is a product that helps aid in digestion.

Read More
1090 Words | 5 Pages

The products are released from the enzyme surface to regenerate the enzyme for another reaction cycle. The active site has a unique geometric shape that is complementary to the shape of a substrate molecule, similar to the fit of puzzle pieces.

Read More
1764 Words | 8 Pages

1.1 Abstract The purpose of quantitative analysis of protein using a spectrophotometer is to measure the concentration of proteins in a given sample. The experiment is conducted by laboratory method (Biuret Test) and using spectrophotometer to analyze the absorbance of reactants at 540 nm, hence determining the concentration of the proteins in a given sample. The purpose of stopped enzyme assay to study B-galactosidase is to determine the effect of temperature and concentrations of substrate on enzyme activity.

Read More
901 Words | 4 Pages

The enzymeʼs have an active site that allows only certain substances to bind, they do this by having an enzyme and substrate that fit together perfectly. If the enzyme shape is changed then the binding

Read More
494 Words | 2 Pages

Enzymes are proteins that significantly speed up the rate of chemical reactions that take place within cells. Some enzymes help to break large molecules into smaller pieces that are more easily absorbed by the body. Other enzymes help bind two molecules together to produce a new molecule. Enzymes are selective catalysts, meaning that each enzyme only speeds up a specific reaction. The molecules that an enzyme works with are called substrates.

Read More
229 Words | 1 Pages

Alzheimer’s disease, the most common type of dementia, results in damage to the brain. Alzheimer’s disease affects over five million people and is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. A brain of a person with Alzheimer’s disease will have fewer neural cells and connections between those cells than a person without Alzheimer’s will, resulting in decreased memory and a decline in cognitive abilities. This type of damage can be better understood and possibly prevented through the implementation of the appropriate drugs by examining the roles of differing types of chemical bonds in Alzheimer’s disease. Proteins, which are the building blocks of all organisms and are responsible for multiple cellular functions, can only accomplish

Read More
943 Words | 4 Pages

By observing figure 3, the more enzyme that is available, the faster the reaction rate is. The optimal enzyme concentration was chosen based on the R2 values from figure 2. The highest observable rate also had the best R2 number, which was closest to one. This enzyme concentration was used in part 2.

Read More
916 Words | 4 Pages

In this experiment , we can prove that the temperature, pH and salt are the factors that will affect the structure and function of the enzyme as it is a kind of protein . Therefore, there may be an influence on the activity of enzyme which substrates cannot be binded on the active site if the amylase in too high or low ph and temperature and excess salt environment . On the other hand optimum ph and temperature and suitable salt concentration may favour the amylase activity . Reference : 1.2016, May 08). Effects of pH on Amylase Activity.

Read More
739 Words | 3 Pages

Common Types of Dementia In general, dementia is defined as “a deterioration of cognitive functioning that impacts one’s ability to meet the intellectual demands of their daily life” (Maitra, 2007, p 184). Though there are multiple types of dementia, there is no specific testing to diagnose these different types. The symptoms and behavioral effects of the disease are used to help the doctor determine which form of dementia the patient most likely has. Symptoms can either onset slowly or show up as a rapid decline in ones cognitive function (Maitra, 2007).

Read More
875 Words | 4 Pages

In 1856, a scientist name claude Bernard has identified lipase [1]. Lipases are serine hydrolases containing G-X1-S-X2-G sequences as the catalytic part of the particle, where G = glycine, S = serine, X1 = histidine, X2 = glutaminic or aspartic acid. Such structure is characteristic also for serine proteases. The knowledge of their 3-dimensional structure plays a significant role in designing and structuring lipases

Read More
789 Words | 4 Pages

The onset of AD is associated with mutations four types of proteins: the precursor protein for Aβ called APP, presenilin-1 (PS1) or presenilin-2 (PS2), proteins associated with the growth of and development of nervous tissue, in apolipoprotein E, a major cholesterol carrier involved in lipid transport and injury repair in the brain, and tau protein. (13) Mutations in the proteins PS1 and PS2 enhances the processing of APP, leading to the development of large amounts of Aβ, which is toxic for the neurons. (7) Aβ can cause neurotoxic effects in many ways, including disruption of mitochondrial function by binding of the Aβ-binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD) protein, induction of apoptotic genes through inhibition of Wnt, by

Read More

More about Gamma Protein Analysis

Related Topics

Open Document