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Genetic Mutations Effect On Skin Cancer

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'"Mutations can occur when genes are exposed to heat, chemicals, or radiation" This is not an exhaustive list of causes of mutation. Errors in DNA copying and chromosomal crossing-over are more significant causes.’ (Adam C, 2007).
Due to the cases of terrifying diseases, a general concept that mutation is unpleasant was instilled into most people’s mind. However, mutation is a crucial contributor to the evolution of species (natural selection and adaptation). Genetic mutations can also be essential for living organisms to survive due to the protection they provide.

Melanin is considered to be capable of protecting and filtering exposed skin against harm caused by UVR (ultraviolet radiation), the major cause that leads to skin cancer. It is a pigment that varies between brown and black, usually occurs in the hair, skin and iris of a living organism when historically exposed to the sun. It also is responsible of determining the skin colour/tanning due to skin exposure under sunlight. ‘Yet, just like mutation, there are dreadful properties of Melanin.’ (Korytowski W, 2003 Jan) …show more content…

"What this tells us is that melanin is not only good for you, it also can be bad. It depends on the color of your particular melanin."’ (Yale, 2004 Oct)
As evidenced in researches from the scientists, through a series of reaction from both the Melanin and the DNA, there’s a high possibility of ROS (reactive oxygen species) being produced after the exposure in UVA, potentially causing skin

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In western society, the depiction of health usually presides in skin tone. No one wants to be “pale” or “pasty”, so being tan is encouraged like a fashion trend. The tanning salon industry is skyrocketing along with the trend of “soaking up the sun”. It is little known that the “glorious” tan that everyone wants to achieve by sitting out in the sun for a few hours is a defense mechanism designed by the body to stop the harm that ultraviolet rays (UV rays) may cause it. UV radiation has detrimental effects on the human body.

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The Color of Your Skin Means Nothing When a little girl runs away, wouldn’t you want to know what happens to her? Well in Sue Monk Kidd’s book, The Secret Life of Bees a little girl named Lily leaves home. While she is gone she learns a bunch of life lessons, one of them being about the color of your skin. In the book The Secret Life of Bees, Sue shows us that the color of your skin does not mean anything.

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Many young women feel pressure to always look their best, and pale skin is certainly not "in." But one woman, named Ashley Trenner, warned young girls that they should be thankful for the skin they are born with, because trying to change it could cost them their life. Trenner began using tanning beds when she was in high school, and she tanned so much that her mother begged her to stop. But Trenner refused, and for 15 years, she visited the tanning bed a few times every week.

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In the video, The Biology of Skin Color, Dr. Nina Jablonski explains “that the variation in skin color that evolved since our human ancestors migrated out of Africa can be explained by the tradeoff between protection from UV and the need for some UV absorption for the production of vitamin D” (Dr. Jablonski). What I found most interesting was that genes can influence skin and hair pigmentation in many ways. The overall color of the skin results from both the number of pigment-making cells which are called melanocytes and their level of activity. Nearly all skin types possess the ability to tan. Tanning is caused by an exposure to UV radiation which results in the simulation of melanin production in the body.

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The skin is an organ and the largest in the body. Not only does your skin protect you from harmful contaminants, such as bacteria and viruses, but it protects your skin from environmental toxins. However, the one thing that harms the skin the most is the sun. Skin cancer has become a very common occurrence in residents of Jasper, Dubois County, and its surrounding areas because we spend a lot of time enjoying the outdoors.

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Melanoma, also known as malignant melanoma, is the deadliest form of skin cancer. According to the World Health Organization it is estimated that 132,000 people are diagnosed with the disease annually, and it is the cause of death for more than 37,000 people annually (Hodgetts, 2013). The cancerous growths begin to develop when DNA in skin cells is damaged, normally by excess exposure to ultraviolet radiation either from sunlight or tanning beds. This damage triggers mutations. This causes the skin cells to multiply rapidly and form malignant tumors.

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Keep in mind that some clients have sun tanned areas, freckles, or white patches known as vitiligo. The variations are due to different amounts of melanin in certain areas. A generalized loss of pigmentation is seen in albinism. Dark-skinned clients have lighter-colored palms, soles, nail beds, and lips. Freckle like or dark streaks of pigmentation are also common in the sclera and nail- beds of dark-skinned clients.

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The reason young females have a higher rate of melanoma is because of females indoor tanning. Indoor tanning is potentially dangerous and has been the cause of many deaths. “But my tanning salon says that there is absolutely no possibility of me getting cancer because they use safe tanning rays,” one might complain. Well indoor tanning methods such as beds, booths, and sunlamps are not safe at all, they emit UV radiation rays which is the cause of skin cancer. People need to watch out for indoor tanning as it could lead to a very serious skin cancer.

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Vitiligo is a disease that causes the loss of skin color in blotches on the body. It is a condition where the extent and rate of the color loss is unpredictable and can depend greatly on the person with the condition. Vitiligo can affect any part of the skin on the body, and there are no limits on where or how much of the disease can spread (Mayo Clinic). Vitiligo is not frequent in the global population. Studies show that vitiligo has a frequency of 0.1-2.0% in the various populations (Spritz 2003).

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Intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors, both contribute to this process. As discussed earlier, UV-induced damage to the DNA causes a poor renewal of the skin. When exposed to harsh sunlight, an individual is also exposed to the UV light that comes along with it. Excessive exposure can cause premature aging in certain individuals and also is observed as severe pigmentation and sunburns as well. The antioxidants, namely vitamin E and vitamin C are majorly targeted by the UV light and thus, reduce the antioxidant capacity of the epidermis on prolonged exposure.

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Melanism can also occur pathologically, as in a malignant melanoma, a cancerous tumour composed of melanin-pigment cells. The advantages of melanic pigmentation: - It is a barrier against the effects of the ultraviolet rays of sunlight. For example the human epidermis undergoes gradual tanning as a result of an increase in melanin. - It is a mechanism for the absorption of heat from sunlight, a function that is especially important for cold blooded animals.

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