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Group Psychology And The Analysis Of The Ego Analysis

1059 Words5 Pages

One of history’s well known and most influential psychologist was Sigmund Freud. He founded the study of Psychoanalysis, which is the study of the “unconscious mind”. He also did other studies such as dream interpretations and repression. However, up to this day some of Freud’s theories are controversial in our world today. Freud wrote a book called “Group Psychology & the Analysis of the Ego” where he argues and investigate group behavior is psychoanalysis. His book arises many questions about groups, such as how do groups influence people’s behaviors? Or how much is one willing to do to fit into one’s group? In Freud book “Group Psychology & the Analysis of the Ego”, he talks a lot about Group Psychology and conformity. Conformity refers …show more content…

There are two types of instincts, which is Aggressions and Libido. Aggression is where we destroy and try to conquer and our Libido is based on sexual energy. Freud theory of groups, is that the leader is put in the place of the Ego ideal. This means that each member shares the same Ego ideal, which is the leader. Each member wants the leader’s approval, which makes them become like children again. In a way they are seeking approval and love from a parent. This shows that we would give up our own Superego so there is no criticism. In a way Freud shows us where the object of our love, replaces our Ego ideal and we only want to be close to him or her so we can restrain normal judgement, in order to maintain an ideal view of the person we love. The leader, captures the needs, desires and fears of the group. Members of a group believe in this illusion in which they think they are equal and just as loved by their …show more content…

There was no pressure to conform in others. Milgram experiment was based on an electric shock and the study found that sixty- three percent conformed in the maximum level of shock. Milgram study proves that when one has control and all the power, it can make them overcome their own morals and principles. According to Milgram, people turn to the fundamental attribution error when looking at such situations. The most fundamental lesson of Milgram study is that even ordinary people, who are simply doing their jobs, can become unnoticed with such power in one’s

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Summary Of The Perils Of Obedience By Stanley Milgram

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In “The Perils of Obedience”, Stanley Milgram describes the situation of obedience to the authority through the series of experiments of testing people and determine if they submit themselves to the authority’s orders or not. Milgram believes that obedience in many people come from their training, attitude and ethical background. This dilemma is inherited in human beings from the beginning of human race e.g. the story of Abraham, Plato’s argument. According to some conservative philosophers, society’s base or strength is being threatened by disobedience. On the other hand, Humanists think that individual’s conscience is very important for society.

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Freud’s theory breaks the psyche up into 3 elements: the id, superego, and ego. The id is said to be the most powerful part, and solely unconscious. It controls our basic drives and is demanding and has no regard for morality, rules, or order. The superego is the smallest element of the psyche and deals with ethics and provides standards for the other elements of personality to abide by. Lastly, the ego is the “middle-man” between the id and the superego, as they tend to conflict.

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In Milgram’s experiment, the longer the teachers were under the influence of the experimenter, the easier it became for them to shock the learner. A specific example of this would be from Fred Prozi, whose results were extremely dramatic. Once the experiment had begun and the learner started to show discomfort from the shocks, Prozi half-heartedly refused to continue. All it took was a little push from the experimenter and the confirmation of having no liability if anything were to happen to get Prozi to continue to give the learner all 450 volts (582-584). Both of these experiments call attention to how easy it is for people to obey a higher authority based on what kind of situation they are

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Similarly, an experiment performed by Stanley Milgram in 1963 proves that obedience to authority figures can become very harmful. In Milgram’s experiment he asks for volunteers to come and “take part in the study of learning” (McLeod 584). This is the first dilemma with his research. He was advertising a completely different experiment. The volunteers are asked to read to a “student” a set of words and if the “student” did not respond correctly then the volunteer must shock the “student” with increasing voltages of electricity.

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Obscura! One always has a choice as to whether obey or defy an order given be a superior. In chapter two, Obscura, of the book Opening Skinner’s Box by Lauren Slater, she discusses the controversial experiment of Milgram. In Milgram’s experiment he wanted to if people would obey or disobey orders for someone who was “superior” to them when instructed to shock someone, from low voltages ,15, all the way up to lethal voltages, 450. Stanly Milgram used ordinary people to shock them.

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