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Helicobacter Pylori Research Papers

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Helicobacter Pylori is typically found in the epithelial lining of the stomach or in the gastric mucous layer frequently adapting to the tough environments of the stomach. Humans are the target reservoir for this bacterium to infect. It is a spiral shaped, gram-negative bacterium that causes gastric and duodenal ulcers in the stomach. Helicobacter Pylori was first discovered in 1982 when two biologists took a brand new bacterium, isolated it, and showed that the bacterium caused ulcers in the stomach. The link between bacteria and ulcers was then established.
After a great deal of research, it was revealed that in individuals that were infected with Helicobacter Pylori, antibodies were found in the bloodstream. Helicobacter Pylori are able to attach to cells as they go through the mucous layer of the stomach. When the bacterium enters the stomach, an enzyme called urease converts the stomach cells chemical urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. The enzyme urease tends to trigger inflammation. Once those chemicals have been converted, the acidity in the mucous surrounding the bacteria then becomes neutral protecting the bacteria. Even with the immune system being strong, the bacterium does not get abolished due to Helicobacter Pylori creating components in the cell wall that are similar to molecules made in …show more content…

These bacterium protect themselves and avoid direct contact with the hydrochloric acid found in our stomachs. The tail-like structures called flagellae help them move through the mucous lining of the stomach and attach to the cells at the bottom of that lining. Any individual infected with this bacteria remained infected for life, unless treated with antibiotics. Even with our immune system being as robust as it is, it still can 't seem to deplete the H. Pylori

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In Jay Hardy article, “Medical Wisdom Challenged by a Cocktail” analyzes the discovery of the real cause of gastric ulcers. Also, he talked about Marshall’s struggle trying to prove his theory in an outrageous way. Most scientists thought the cause of stomach ulcers before Warren and Marshall’s discovery were stress, excess acid, and eating spicy food. However, German scientists researched that a spiral-shaped bacterium inhabited that was lining of the human stomach, but they couldn’t culture the organism. So, the research on stomach ulcers were forgotten.

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This experiment was tested on two conditions: +pGLO and -pGLO. +pGLO has the plasmid and -pGLO does not have the plasmid. Along with those conditions, ampicillin is added in the agar plate to destroy the non-transformed cells because scientist want to select only the transformed bacterial cells and the experiment is efficient at ten percent. To resist the antibiotic, the bacteria needs Beta lactamase that provide the enzyme. This allows the bacterial to break down the antibiotic and grow and with the plasmid.

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They are vitally important at breaking down food and help keep other biota in check. Sometimes antibiotics are taken by patients for issues that are completely unrelated to C. difficile. When the bacteria are given an a chance to grow more than normal, they will pounce on the opportunity, like most other bacteria. When dealing with C. difficile, special precautions must be taken in order to keep it in check and keep ourselves feeling happy and healthy. Humans must understand that we cannot stop all bacteria from doing what they do best, which is grow and adapt to their current environments to their full capability.

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It is also stated some Exclusions and hygiene practice Some common types of food poisoning are succeeding Salmonella, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, Ecoli O157, Listeria Monocytogenes, Shigella - Bacillary Dysentery, Small Round Structured Virus. In Campylobacter, Symptoms include an overall feeling of disease, diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, high fever and sometimes vomiting. First symptoms can take up to 4 days from the eating of polluted food, but is more usually 12 - 48 hours. This infection normally continues 3 weeks but can last longer. This contagion is caused by large numbers of bacteria living on food.

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Clostridium difficile, commonly known as “C. diff”, is a gram-positive bacillus. This highly contagious, opportunistic, bacterium is found mainly in long-term care facilities (nursing homes); however, it can also be considered to be a prevalent nosocomial acquired infection. It is a capsule forming, strict anaerobe, and its growth flourishes at body temperatures (thirty-seven degrees Celsius). Clostridium difficile can also be categorized as a motile (flagella present), spore forming bacterium that is found in an individual’s normal flora of the intestine. In addition, the C. difficile reservoir is prevalently found in water and soil reserves; thus, this bacterium can be labelled as ubiquitous in nature.

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I chose this article about H. Pylori because this microbe is known for causing stomach cancer and other diseases. I have a grandmother that suffers many years from stomach cancer. So, I chose this article to help her understand the cause of her disease and to help others fight against this disease. The H. pylori microbes does not only cause stomach cancer, but also cause ulcers of the stomach.

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