Hook worm is an infection by a type of intestinal parasite. In the roundworm group. Two species of hookworms that commonly infect humans. Are ancylostoma duodenal and necator Americanos hookworm eggs occur in the stool of infected people.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: Egg passed in stool hatch 1 to 2 days. (If they are deposited in a warm, moist place on loose soil) and release rhabditiform larvae, which molt once to become slender filariform larvae in 5 to 10 days.
MOA: By binding to colchicine-sensitive site of B-tubulin thus inhibiting its polymerization or assembly into microtubules it bind much better to the B-tubulin of parasites than that of mammals.
There are two main causes of hookworms. First one is nectar Americanos (a drink consisting of espresso coffee diluted with hot water).It is species of
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pylori)
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a type of bacteria that causes infection in the stomach. H. pylori are spiral-shaped bacteria that grow in the digestive tract and have a tendency to attack the stomach lining. H. pylori infections are usually harmless, but they’re responsible for the majority of ulcers in the stomach and small intestine. H. pylori is a common type of bacteria that usually infects the stomach. It normally infect your stomach during childhood.
The infections are thought to spread from one person’s mouth to another. They may also be transferred from feces to the mouth. This can happen when a person does not wash their hands thoroughly after using the bathroom. H. pylori can also spread through contact with contaminated water or food. The bacteria are believed to cause stomach problems when they penetrate the stomach’s mucous lining and generate substances that neutralize stomach acids. This makes the stomach cells more vulnerable to the harsh acids. Stomach acid and H. pylori together irritate the stomach lining and may cause sores or peptic ulcers in your stomach or duodenum, which is the first part of your small