How Did Bush Use Foreign Policy To Gain National Interest?

American national interests and the way they are carried out are constantly shifting. National interests are a country’s economic, military, and cultural goals and ambitions. By prioritizing national interests in foreign affairs, a nation can preserve its sovereignty. Presidents of the United States, such as George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump, have used foreign policy to push national interests. Foreign policy sees many shifts between presidents from unilateral and preemptive approaches to multilateral and collaborative approaches. The national interests of the United States saw majors shifts under the administrations of George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump, causing other nations to respond by applauding the transition

Bush’s administration, the United States military invaded both Iraq and Afghanistan in hopes of bringing democracy and freedom to the nations, resulting in two long and expensive wars in the Middle East. During Bush’s administration, the most devastating terrorist attack happened in the United States, 9/11, allowing the administration to expand its military response. In response to this tragedy, Bush published the National Security Strategy of the United States (N.S.S.) in 2002 which contained Bush’s two core ideas on foreign affairs: preemption and preventive war and willingness to act unilaterally. Firstly, Bush’s plans for foreign affairs saw a major shift from containment to preemption, the justification of United States for attacking another nation to prevent an attack on itself, mainly nations who sponsor terrorism and pursue weapons of mass destruction (Bush). Bush shared this idea in the N.S.S. stating, “It is an enduring American principle that this duty obligates the government to anticipate and counter threats, using all elements of national power, before the threats can do grave damage” (Bush). This idea is further outlined in the joint resolution “Authorization for Use of Military Force in Iraq 2002.” It gives Bush the authorization to attack Iraq if he deems necessary, granting him more power in war-making decisions as a president and allowing him to act preemptively. Bush felt acting preemptively was in the nation’s interest because it gave the

For instance, in both the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, Bush invaded before discussing other options with any nation. He had the United States take the lead on these invasions before collaborating with other nations. For instance, Bush led a coalition to bombing Baghdad, starting the war in Iraq (Singal). This unilateral, preemptive approach Bush took destabilized many of the United States’ alliances. The opposition to the wars was widespread throughout Europe, reflecting opposition through “anti-Bush” and anti-war sentiments. The Iraq War’s opposition was polled at rates as high as 91% in both Italy and Spain, while this same opposition spread throughout countries in Eastern Europe as well (Arie). United Nations Secretary, Kofi Annan, describe the war as “illegal” as it was “not in conformity with the Security Council” (Tyler). However, after invading, Bush then looked to his allies for support, which he received from the United Kingdom and Australia, followed by other allies (Williams). President Bush saw that invading unilaterally was in the United States best interest in order to protect the nation and seek regime change in Iraq and Afghanistan without receiving support from other nations first.Under Bush’s administration, the main focus was on acting preemptively and unilaterally if necessary to protect the United