ipl-logo

How Did JC Nichols Use Restrictive Covenants?

976 Words4 Pages

Jesse Clyde “J.C.” Nichols was a real estate developer; most notably in Kansas City, Missouri and Kansas. Nichols developed the Country Club District, which includes The Country Club Plaza, in Kansas City, MO. The largest contribution to the population of Kansas City that Nichols gave was not a building, a statue, or even a district; it was the segregation of african americans using certain parts of a deed. Restrictive covenants are agreements on a deed that restrict the owner. Restrictive covenants are still common now, there are still covenants that do not allow for the use of a home business or any additions to be made to the home. The restrictive covenants that Nichols had written into the deeds of the land he developed were done so to …show more content…

Nichols enhanced and streamlined the use of restrictive covenants. Using the fears of property values decreasing, Nichols added a racial restriction into the deeds. In all of the deeds for the land he developed was this restriction, “None of said lots may be conveyed to, used, owned or occupied by negroes as owners or tenants.”1 While this might seem like an isolated instance, restrictive covenants occurred all over the United States in the early 20th century. J.C. Nichols employed an addition that would enhance the covenant and make it more appealing to the “desired” homeowner; that addition was a self-renewing contract every 25 years.2 The reasoning behind the 25 year automatic renewal of the contracts was to ensure that the restrictions stayed in place for a longer amount of time. The only way to stop the automatic renewal was to have the homeowners that owned the most property write to the Register of Deeds stating that they want the restrictions removed, but that may only happen after every 25 year …show more content…

Nichols had done many activities within the community and encouraged other cities to adopt his community activities. Some of the things he suggested that were being done in Kansas City were; kids activities, outdoors events, educational lectures, clubs, Christmas activities, community service and golf.5 Nichols had great ideas, yet did not share those ideas or assist the african american community. While predominantly african american parts of the city diminished, the communities he developed flourished. The white communities had the best schools, parks, playgrounds, and churches; the african american communities had schools that were poor, parks and playgrounds that were unkempt and dirty, and only few

Show More
Related
1684 Words | 7 Pages

With the arrival of 1868, the province of Ontario created more Free Grants throughout the Parry Sound district, looking to quickly populate the area with labour and farming for the lumber industry that was rapidly developing. Part of the reason for this law was to obtain much needed lumber to feed the British Navy. Known as the Free Grants and Homestead Act of 1868, grants of 100 to 200 acres of land were given to those settlers over 18. There were conditions placed on the settler before he could obtain a proper patent and hence own the property. These were that within 5 years of obtaining the grant, 15 acres had to be cleared and cultivated and built a house fit for habitation of size at least 16’x20’ with continuous habitation.

Read More
479 Words | 2 Pages

nett Film review #2 1.) Explain how restrictive covenants contributed to the formation of sundown towns. What type of segregation can maintain the existence of such places? Explain. Restrictive covenants are private contracts that allows property owners to manipulate who may live upon the premise; therefore, they could limit, or eliminate, the minority group(s) from the area.

Read More
488 Words | 2 Pages

Ophelia Paquet is a woman who pushed society and the government to recognize her and her marriage by awarding her ownership of property that she lived on for 30 years with her husband. When Ophilia’s husband died without a will, she was awarded owner until her brother-in-law, John contested it. The issue that arose was the race of Ophelia, Fred and John. Fred a white man, married Ophelia, a Tillamook Indian wife. “Miscegenation law kept property within racial boundaries by invalidating marriages between white men and women of color whenever ancillary white relatives like John Paquet contested them.”

Read More
554 Words | 3 Pages

According to The Editorial Board New York Time’s, “The Housing Crisis Lives on for Minorities” December 26,2016, mortgage companies such as Fannie Mae are discriminating and being racist towards African-American and Latino homes. The writer emphasizes the neglection Fannie Mae had towards these minority homeowners and specifies the contrast between white areas and black areas. The mortgage crisis that ravaged the economy eight years ago, is a driving factor of the editorial. The writer is informing New York Times readers, educated citizens, and intellectuals about the racial allegations towards Fannie Mae. The Editorial Board affectively convinces their audience that there is an unjust gap between white and minority homes through the use of

Read More
1257 Words | 6 Pages

Special Field Order #15 promised that each newly freed family “shall have a plot of land no more than forty (40) acres of tillable ground, and when it borders on some water channel, with not more than 800 feet of waterfront”(Document #2). This order, that gave land to African Americans, was put in place to help them begin their new lives a freedmen. In spite of this, An Analysis of The Politics Of Land Confiscation and Restriction stated that “Northern business did not want Republicans setting a radical example for redistributing property from the wealthy to the poor… Fearing that the break up of beg southern states would disrupt cotton production, hurt their profits and undercut the national economy, these northern industrialists financiers, and trader were unyielding in their opposition to any kind of Reconstruction land reform” (Document #4). Simply put, rich whites with political power did not want African Americans to have land. This was because if African Americans had land, they would grow food to provide for their families and no one would be left to grow the cotton necessary for business success.

Read More
121 Words | 1 Pages

Free People of Color: Inside the African American Community, written by James Oliver Horton, is an interesting book that portrays antebellum African American communities and its occupants whose lives were both confounded by prohibitive powers and brought together by common goals. It explores dynamic debates within these communities over gender, color, and national identities, as well as leadership styles and politics. Published in 1993, this book uncovers the diversity and distinctions of free black society in northern cities such as Boston, Buffalo, and Washington D.C. A Smithsonian director and an American civilization professor at George Washington University in Washington D.C., Horton captivates the reader with a compelling study of the

Read More
992 Words | 4 Pages

Then they’d bring in another black family, rinse, and repeat”. Buying the property at a low price, then selling at a high rate to lower income black families just to gain profit. Another example Coates uses is a black family in a white neighborhood, who had a cross burned outside their front lawn. Coates used pathos very well in this article. He wants the reader to understand the hardships that were created for

Read More
557 Words | 3 Pages

White residents of the United States clashed with the Indigenous people on land, food, and rights, without a permanent compromise. In 1829, President Andrew Jackson proposes to move all Indigenous people within America’s current territory to reservations. After being pursued for nearly thirty years, the Choctaw and the Chickasaw tribes agreed for their removal. This would allow whites to live their civilized lives as the Indigenous people cast off their savage habits in remote reservations. President Jackson’s Case for the Removal Act shows that those of power and majority decide the terms of segregation.

Read More
542 Words | 3 Pages

Tyna L. Steptoe’s book, Houston Bound: Culture and Color in a Jim Crow City explores the significance of Wheatley High School, a public secondary school located in the heart of Fifth Ward, Houston, Texas, established in the 1930s to serve black and Creole students during the Jim Crow era. Despite being segregated, the students at Wheatley did not let this hold them down and instead made the best of the situation by getting heavily involved in their school. Wheatley High School gave their black and creole students tools for advancement and helped strengthen their cultural identity and in a historic period in which racial discrimination attempted to curtail their political and economic potential. In this Jim Crow era, the institutions of the city were divided by the racial categories of white and black, which would force everyone into one or the other category, even if they did not necessarily associate themselves with it. Accordingly, racially ambiguous people would either receive the benefits that accompanied the white label or the grim treatment that accompanied the black label.

Read More
491 Words | 2 Pages

The landowners took advantage of their tenants by overcharging for land and underpaying for the crops. The tenants began falling deeper into debt. They could not leave until they paid off their debt, which was nearly impossible. Although former slaves had been freed, they were still facing many struggles in free life. America’s plan for reconstruction had good intent, but did not give African Americans the equality they deserved.

Read More
650 Words | 3 Pages

First off, Haskins desegregated the local college. This made a difference in the community because it started a revolution of integration. To begin, desegregation is good for the community because it opens it up for more prosperous opportunities and acceptance. Then, Haskins placed accountability on the boys by integrating them. An example of this is when the boy gets shoved into the toilet and the boys recognize that to fight back with violence will not get them what they want.

Read More
489 Words | 2 Pages

Wealth is one of the factors why residential segregation is an increasing problem. Golash- Boza explains, “Residential segregation happened when different groups of people are sorted into discount neighborhoods” (271). It is because of housing segregation

Read More
539 Words | 3 Pages

For bringing the home within the reach of a black purchaser, however, the speculator extracted a considerable price.” (Jamelle Bouie,How we built the ghettos, page 2) This is like when Lena the mother of Walter and beneatha bought a new house and only had to put a small down payment on it in order to buy the

Read More
1082 Words | 5 Pages

There are many open wounds in the African-American community that have not healed what so ever. Disintegration of family structures in the African-American community has been a persistent problem for far too long. High out of wedlock birth rates, absent fathers, and the lack of a family support network for many young African-Americans have led to serious problems in America's urban areas. The persistence of serious social problems in inner-city areas has led to a tragic perpetuation of racial prejudice as well. African Americans still face a litany of problems in the 21st century today.

Read More
1560 Words | 7 Pages

The law which was passed by the Congress in mid 1960’s helped the poor blacks and other minorities a choice of neighbourhood in which they could live. F.I.Stone acknowledges in an article entitled “Rat and Res Judicate”, prior to this legislation ,residents of Chicago’s Black Belt had been paying some of the city’s highest rent in the city relative to income, because they were not entitled to live wherever they pleased. This realistic situation is portrayed in the A Raisin in The Sun when Mama chooses a house in Clybourne Park ,a white neighbourhood .Mama explains “Them houses they put up for coloured in them areas seem to cost twice as much as other houses”(

Read More

More about How Did JC Nichols Use Restrictive Covenants?

Related Topics

Open Document