Forey question the existence of Pedro Henriques, the supposed brother of the King. Forey is unable to substantiate the existence of Pedro the brother who is the dominate person mentioned in letter 308. According to the letter, Pedro will arrive in Lisbon with the northern fleet and rid the peninsula of Muslim invaders. In order to support his case against the authenticity of the letter, Forey eludes to another confusing aspect and that is whether King Alfonso had an illegitimate son named Pedro. Citing evidence that Alfonso and Queen Taresa had a daughter also named Taresa.
Under Toussaint L'Ouverture’s leadership In 1804, Haiti became the first Latin American nation to gain independence, following a violent slave revolt led by Toussaint L'ouverture on the French colony of Saint-Domingue. The victors abolished slavery. Haitian independence inspired independence movements in Spanish America. This caused many of the other latin american colonies to revolt against their oppressive leaders.
Similar leaders arose in Latin America including Miguel Hidalgo of Mexico, Toussaint L'ouverture of Haiti, Pedro I of Brazil, and Simon Bolivar “The Liberator” who helped free many colonized countries of Latin America including Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador. The most similar of the group may have been Bolivar and Robespierre, both of which were powerful revolutionists who helped unify the lower classes in effort to use their power to overthrow the standing monarchy. Also, the success of both leaders led them to a time where they used their power for violence. Robespierre began to act as a dictator, executing nobles and people against his cause. Bolivar used a very similar
Saint Domingue was one of the richest colonies of the Americas during the late eighteenth century. Its extravagance resulted from their large production of highly demanded coffee, cotton, and sugar, which heavily depended on strict slave regime. Slaves, many whom were African born, made up the vast majority of the population and suffered poor working and living conditions. The anger of slaves caused the Haitian Revolution, which would lead to Haiti freeing itself from its oppressor and becoming an independent republic in the Caribbean. The Haitian Revolution created a profound effect not only the former French colony, but also acted as a leader for reformation around the world.
By winning independence from Spain, many creoles thought that they could achieve power over Latin America. The Peninsulares who were all-Spanish were hated by the Creoles. The Peninsulares “monopolized all administrative positions(Doc B)”, making it impossible for the Creoles to rule the country that they were born in. The Creoles felt that they were the best fit for
The Portuguese then take their large amount of silver coins and uses them to get more luxury goods from China thus benefiting all three countries. In doc. #6, it says that “the ore at Potosi silver mine is very rich black flint and so huge is the wealth that has been taken out of this range since the year 1545. 326,000,000 silver coins have been taken out and this does not count the great amount of silver taken secretly from these mines to Spain and other countries such as the Philippines and China. ”(Doc.
The American, Haitian, and French revolutions brought unrest in the Atlantic world and generated significant impacts in Latin America during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The Creoles and Mestizos in Latin America became wary after the French government overthrown by the slaves. Most importantly, colonies opposed the ascendance of the new Spanish king when Napoleon crowned his brother Joseph on the throne. As Spain’s power weakened, the colonies slowly disconnected with the Spanish rule and began to call for independence.
Groups adapted to this new Iberian culture and used it to defend their own self interests. Native nobles in particular used their power as the cabildo in order to create laws that protected their own interests. One example where native nobles created laws to protect themselves was with the sale over noble land. As Iberians began to integrate into their new lands, nobles found it difficult to maintain their lands and were forced to sell it to the Spanish. The nobles wrote in their declaration, “ Lordly houses are going… to ruin.
In Latin American Revolution before the revolution there were four main social classes; on the bottom there were the slaves and the Indians, then there were the Mulattoes (who were of African and Spanish descent) and the Mestizos (who were of Spanish and Native American descent), then the Creoles (who were of pure Spanish blood, but were born in America), and at the very top there were the Peninsulares (they were of pure Spanish descent and were born in Spain). The Creoles lead the fight against Spain because they wanted higher social status within their own lives, more political control over their own lives, and they were tired of Spain having total control over their economy. The Creoles weren 't allowed to do many things simply because they were born in America and not Spain, it didn’t matter that they were of pure European descent. Creoles were not allowed to hold political positions, only the Peninsulares were able to. For example, in 1807 only 12 of the 199 judgeships were held by Creoles, the rest were held by Peninsulares.
In the Dutch Revolt, the Spanish Netherlands colonies freed themselves from King Philip’s Absolute Monarchy. King Charles of England came to power when his father James I died. While he was ruling, he restored freedom of religion for the Catholics and the Irish, and dissolved Parliament. When the second Scots war broke out, he had to call Parliament again. Parliament passed the grand Remonstrance, which condemned the king’s policies.
Prince Henry was VERY influential towards the exploration and expansion of Portugal (Portuguese). Portugal is a southern European country that borders Spain. He was born on the March 4th, 1394 in Porto, Portugal. Porto is a coastal city that is located in northwest Portugal. It is mainly known for its stately bridges and port wine production.
Napoleon was able to dissolve the Directory and name himself the first consul of France. Although he did not have the confidence of the people, he was able to form a new banking system and a new was of collecting taxes. He led the army into many victories and helped to spread the ideas of the Enlightenment. The end of the French Revolution brought hope to other countries that they should fight for what they believed in, including Venezuela. After the capture of King Ferdinand VII, Spain gained leadership over Venezuela, not letting the hacendados keep their original rule.
The liberal revolution, echo of the Spanish revolution, called Portugal. King Juan, leaves in charge of his son Pedro, but not before suggesting that the best option for Brazil and mainly for them, would be to head the possible emancipatory movements that arise so that in this way they can ensure the permanence of the Braganza dynasty in front of Brazil. Extraordinarily calm, compared to the storms of the independence of neighboring countries, Brazil had, however, its internal problems. The Bay suffered a deep economic
The Portuguese ended up making many changes for the better
After exploring the hidden truths behind the culture, I have discovered this: The cultural identity of the Brazilian community is far more diverse and dynamic than what is portrayed in society and the media. One of the most important contributing aspects to a community’s culture is its history. Brazil was discovered by Pedro Álvares Cabral on April 22,1500. From that point on, the Portuguese ruled over this land, focusing greatly on its vast sugar-cane plantations.
