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How Did Locke And Marx Believe In Human Nature

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To begin the discussion, how Locke and Marx believed in human nature is essentially important, as it will determine their further argument. For Locke, human nature is rational with the capability to reason, thus, state of nature is the state of perfect freedom, as he wrote in The Second Treatise of Government, published in 1690 (Steven, 2002). He also believed that human inherited the natural right with his natural rights of theory, governed by law of nature, which sounds “...no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions”, obeying the reciprocal principle (Steven, 2002). Instead of talking about “nature”, Marx himself tried to outline the nature of human as labor to constantly engage and shape the material world
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The Enlightenment French philosopher, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, once said that, “Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains.” Is man really born free? That is the question many men have pondered on for centuries—the role of nature in one’s life. Some men believed they knew the answer to this lifelong question and proclaimed their belief to all. Many men even made rules and had ways of living accordingly in this battle over the flesh.

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When examining both the Declaration of Independence and the Communist Manifesto, many questions surrounding human nature and government arise. When ideas of such stark opposition surround similar topics, an opportunity for deep analysis presents itself. This situation can be seen when exclusively examining Jefferson’s and Marx’s ideals regarding the economic structure of America, but also broadly on their social postulates. Both social contracts are deeply unique, even down to their basic architecture. The theory today that is under the alias of the American Dream deeply values the epitomes of liberty and opportunity, while Marx’s Communism is based on the notion of supreme equality.

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During the Enlightenment period, many thinkers shared their ideas about society, Thinkers like John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, Thomas Hobbes, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote books to spread their ideas against the Old Order. First, John Locke believed everyone had natural rights. These natural rights were life,liberty,and property. The main purpose of the government would be to protect these rights. Locke influenced important people such as Thomas Jefferson when he wrote the Declaration of Independence.

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Human beings are all unique, and certain features are either accentuated or hidden based on how a person feels about themselves. People have always tried to achieve their version of perfection. Many are perfectly comfortable with how they are and others to change areas of their bodies that they see as flawed. As a person ages the body 's collagen production diminishes, and a lack of vitamins C, D, and E factor into the skin 's ability to appear youthful and tight. Sagging skin is something everyone will have to deal with as they age.

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John Locke's theory of the State of Nature explains that humans naturally exist in a state of perfect equality and freedom. The absence of government and laws characterizes this state, and individuals can do whatever they want and acquire property as they please. However, this freedom and equality are not unlimited, and people must follow the Law of Nature, which prohibits harming others' life, health, liberty, or possessions. This law drags people into a State of War if it is broken. In contrast, the United States government was established to protect citizens' rights and maintain law and order.

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This basis in the belief of nature shapes Locke’s and Rousseau’s beliefs regarding learning, dependency, social interaction, and living when exploring the human condition. Locke and Rousseau’s definition of nature influences their

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The questions of the whether social inequality is justified and the extent of government to address said inequality are some of the foundations upon which societies and economies are built. Two key philosophers on this issue – John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau – differ on this subject. In Two Treatises on Government, Locke holds that individuals have a right to property derived from their labor, citizens consent to the existence of inequality in society, and governments are instituted among men to protect said property. In contrast, Rousseau writes in Discourse on the Origin of Inequality and The Social Contract that inequality should be strictly limited and that governments have a duty to act in the best interest of its citizens by maintaining

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Jean-Jacque Rousseau - Comparisons with the above two philosophers and opinions on the State and Law. Jean Jacques Rousseau is the third philosopher I wish to discuss. He was a French-Geneva philosopher who is widely believed to have influenced the enlightenment in France and Europe. During the French revolution Rousseau was one of the most respected and popular political theorists. Rousseau believed that men in the state of nature were the most natural and free they could be before they were corrupted by the unnatural grips of civilization.

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In John Locke’s Second Treatise of Government, Locke focuses on the definition and function of property in chapter four. Locke wants to argue that man can attain private property in several ways (Socrates 6 sect. 25). Locke believed that there are two arguments for the acquisition of private property in a state of nature. First the labor-mixing argument and the value-adding argument (Locke 7 sect. 27). His argument states that if one mixes one’s labor with unknown land or resources, one then owns the unowned land or resources (Locke 7 sect. 27).

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During the late 1600’s people around the world started to believe in the power of reason and began to change their way of thinking about tradition. They also believed that logic could deal with any social, political, and economical problems. The Enlightenment was guided by Philosophers who wanted to change civilization. Philosophers usually would meet at salons to get together and exchange views about their thoughts. One of the famous Enlightenment ideals was John Locke’s idea of Natural Rights, who believed in life, liberty, and property.

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John Locke is an enlightened political philosopher whose explanations to his ideas remains profoundly influential. Locke believes people should have the right to do anything they want without the government enforcing them to do a task. In The Second Treatise, Locke discusses some vital concepts of his thinking, beginning with a discussion of the State of Nature. He explains that humans move from a state of nature characterized by perfect freedom and are governed by reason to a civil government in which the authority is vested in a legislative and executive power. In the State of Nature, men are born equal, to have perfect liberty to maintain.

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Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau have become known as three of the most prominent political theorists in the world today. Their philosophies and innovative thinking is known worldwide and it has influenced the creation of numerous new governments. All three thinkers agree on the idea of a social contract but their opinions differ on how the social contract is established and implemented within each society. These philosophers state, that in order for the social contract to be successful people need to give up certain freedoms in order to secure fundamental protections from the state, henceforth the state then has certain responsibilities to their citizens. Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau all believe that before men were governed we all lived in a state of nature.

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Marx’s first criticisms are towards the concept of liberal democracy as defined by John Stuart Mill. Mill describes liberal democracy as a society in which the government promotes the common good of the citizens by recognizing the natural right of private property, the tendency towards market economies, and the equality in social and economic opportunities as well as in personal and civic liberties. (Mill, John Stuart. " On Liberty: Chapter 1.”). Marx believed instead that liberal democracy does not represent the best type of government since it does not correspond to a natural order but rather reflects a very human abstract view of society.

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Both John Locke (1632-1734) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) were early modern social theorists who promote reason and freedom as an important component in political community. They shared a lot of thoughts on early childhood education. Both of them believe that children love freedom and power, and that is the most important way to raise children. However, they took different directions on their views. What are the similarities and differences between their thoughts or views on early childhood education (0-8 years of age)?

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