"During the "Middle Ages", from 476 to about 1100, European civilization slipped into semi-barbarism". It was a very hard and bad time, but a lot of historians debate about if Europe was in a "dark age" or not. The evidence states that Europe was a dark age. There was a lot of evidence that states that Europe was not in a dark age.
Al-Khwatizmi conducted an extensive study of Indian numerals, making him a certifiable expert on the subject, after which he wrote a well known algebra textbook. The basic math featured in Document 4 demonstrate the significance of this, as these principles are used by students from kindergarten to high school today. Another important aspect of Islam is the Quran, or the Islamic scripture. Because the Quran is the direct word of Allah, everything in Islamic society, including the law
The Middle Ages were a time where kings and nobles owned the land and serfs worked with little pay. Serfs were like slaves that worked on a farm (Doc. 1). They got one day to farm for themselves and the other six they were working for their king or noble (OI). Nobles and kings had knights called vassals (OI). Vassals were knights who protected and served kings and nobles in exchange for land (OI).
Europe, between 1300-1700, made strides that linked the ideas of the past to those of the present. European intellectual life greatly transformed as people became more culturally aware - all areas of study flourished. The arts, humanities, literature, mathematics, and sciences made incredible developments, and these developments were rooted in Islamic knowledge. Beautiful paintings were crafted, awe-inspiring architecture was built, and life-changing books were written. These works were inspired by Muslim creations their community and for Allah.
An accomplishment that would influence Europe until modern times, dhimmi and Muslim scholars became a crucial link in revitalizing Greek philosophy to Western Europe through interchanges between Christian and Muslim rulers. Putting aside religious differences, Jews, Christians, and Muslims alike studied together in countless academies and libraries. Renown for its strides in intellectualism, Cordoba turned into a destination for scholars of every type from all over the world looking to gain or discover invaluable knowledge (“Muslim Spain”). Under the guidance of millions of scholars, Islamic Spain built the foundations in alchemy and algebra while also making vast contributions in areas pertaining to the numeral system, geography, history, botany, music, and cartography–these advancements in studies would play a major role in Medieval European life and culture (“Arab Influences in Spain”). The dedication to learning was noticeable in the focus of public works projects in Cordoba.
In addition, Ulugh Beg built an observatory in Samarkand and gathered data that was later translated into Latin and shared with European astronomers. Al-Kashi a mathematician under Beg, created decimal notation in which when quantities less than one were able to be represented. Some more advancements in the field of
Charlemagne, the “Father of Europe,” was a Carolingian king renowned for his military conquests, cultural reforms, and expanding his empire to cover most of Europe. The Carolingian dynasty stemmed from the fall of the Merovingian rulers and their laxity during their rule. Charlemagne’s grandfather, Charles Martel, was the Mayor of the Palace, and this form of government only occurred because of the carelessness displayed by the Merovingian “Do Nothing” Kings. After his death, his son, Pepin III, began this Carolingian Dynasty when he became king in 752 AD, ending the Merovingian Dynasty. Charlemagne took over the Frankish throne after Pepin had passed and throughout his reign, he caused many advancements in his empire and throughout Western
“Mathematics ranked among the highest forms of worship, for God had created the world, as scripture said, according to number, measure, and weight. To study science was to approach the mind of God”. Pope Sylvester was known as one of the greatest scientists of his time. He was previously known as Gerbert of Aurillac. Gerbert made an impact on the future study of math and science by bringing Muslim learning through a dynamic study of the quadrivium to Europe.
Muhammad of Mecca Arabia’s Einstein Brilliant, prophet, and religious are three words people often think of in connection with Muhammad. Many people think that Muhammad was only known for helping create a new religion that is still around today but he did so much more. Muhammad of Mecca changed the world as a prophet that tried solving things nonviolently. He showed Arabia that people can solve problems nonviolently. He left a legacy as Arabia’s Einstein.
The information within this Codex was gathered up during the 16th century by the famous sculptor Pompeo Leoni, who was the son of Leone Leoni. This Codex Atlanticus currently resides in Milan Italy within the Bibliotheca Ambrosiana. The mathematics in this Codex range from the topics of Arithmetic to hydraulics, to Astronomy, and Geometry. All subject matter which involve Mathematics and are relevant to mathematics. Leonardo Da Vinci often compared, and tested his hypothesis, and drew inspiration from thing in nature, by studying their movement.
Mathematics is a subject that is taking over the world. Society is introduced to mathematics through their early years of life, such as school, and later on in their occupations. Some people are mathematicians because of the involvement in mathematics. Their contributions have placed the subject in a new light and have inspired others. Abu Ali al-Haytham is a man of many contributions, such as optics, astronomy, and mathematics, especially geometry.
How the Printing Press Revolutionized Literature and Religion in Europe Previous to Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press, there was minimal spread of literature in Europe. If one desired to rewrite a specific publication, he or she would have to endure a painstaking process that would be considered a prolonged duration compared to the amount of time taken to do so in the present day. The reason for such a lengthy and unbearable process is because the writer would have to duplicate the novel by carving it word for word onto surfaces of either clay, papyrus, wax, or parchment. Such a laborious procedure resulted in little advances during the beginning of the Renaissance, a period of time in which knowledge and new ideals were craved by the people of Europe. In an effort to assemble a more fruitful technique to producing works of writing, Gutenberg brought about the invention of the printing press.
Leonhard Euler (1707 – 1783) Introduction: None of mathematicians in history is equal in greatness as Leonhard Euler who became undisputed leader of the time by making tremendous contributions to mathematics and physics in eighteenth century. He influenced many branches of applied and pure mathematics such as Number theory, Calculus, Fluid Mechanics, etc. He extended the work of Leibniz in differential calculus and Fermat’s in number theory. He used difference operator in number theory and proved many results. He is the founder of the symbols of and tied them in one equation.
He dedicated his entire life to the study of mathematics. He wrote more than 800 publications, included 18 books. (The master of them all; mathematics, 2016). There are many formulas and theorems named after his name. Leonhard Euler was an outstanding mathematician, also a good teacher.
His immortal books include Tuhafut al-Falasifa (The Incoherence of the Philosophers), Ihya al- 'Ulum al-Islamia (The Rivival of the Religious Sciences), "The Beginning of Guidance and his Autobiography", "Deliverance from Error". Some of his works were translated into European languages in the middle Ages. He also wrote a summary of astronomy. No record of Al-Ghazali 's political hypothesis would be finished without keeping in perspective the states of the Muslim World in his times.
