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Galileo galilei research
Galileo point of view in science
Galileo galilei research
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Galileo galilei research
Galileo point of view in science
Galileo galilei research
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The historical changes in thought and belief to change in social and institutional organization period, between the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and Isaac Newton is Scientific Revolution. As many historians declare that, the Scientific Revolution began with Copernicus and ended with Newton 150 years later. The later half of this century saw minds such as Descartes, Newton, Leibniz, and Galileo begin to change scientific thought. The Scientific Revolution provide a good exercise for people think. The Scientific Revolution began during the 17th century and became a catalyst for a new philosophy, economics, politics and religion, that permeated every level of human society and placed the emphasis for change on humanity rather than intangible
In the 1500s and 1600s, the scientific revolution changes the way Europeans looked at the world, they began to make conclusion based on experimentation and observation instead of accepting traditional ideas. ‘’Although new knowledge emerged in many areas during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, including medicine, chemistry, and natural history, the scientific achievements that most captured the learned imagination and persuaded people of the cultural power of natural knowledge were those that occurred in astronomy.” (348) Nicolaus Copernicus was a polish astronomer who published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, were he made two main conclusions, the universe is heliocentric not geocentric and the earth is one part of many
Each country had very different responses towards the European scientific Revolution. China had a strong rejection towards the scientific revolution because the Europeans had failed to leave a good impression. According to the video, “Empires in Collision” China was a well-advanced country that had a rich economy also China was a nation that envisioned themselves as above everyone else. When the Europeans showed their inventions, China looked at them like “toys” it was never enough to persuade the Chinese. Out of the three countries China was unyielding to European’s scientific revolution.
Europe’s time periods worked together like a domino effect. Time periods like the Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment all were an extension of each other. The Scientific revolution used reason and logic to explain certain planetary motion and much else and philosophers from the enlightenment wanted to incorporate these same tactics. Philosophers agreed on each other’s thinking like natural rights and consent if the governed, however some did not have the same thought. They disagreed on topic like women rights and the type of government the people should have.
The moon revolves around the Earth, and objects fall because of gravity. At one point, during the 17th and 18th century, this new concept, and much more like it, was the talk of the town. This time period was called the scientific revolution, where philosophers and scientists questioned the views on the world resulting in unfamiliar discoveries and the creation of new ideas. Science has influenced culture, religion, and government during this time as it made its crucial impact for their different way of thinking. Science was an important factor when it comes to progress within their society as there were many new findings.
How was the medieval view of the universe, people, and their place in nature changed by the discoveries of Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton? Before the Scientific Revolution, people did not question the universe and did not long to further their knowledge, largely because of religion. The Catholic Church, for example, felt that one should not question how heaven works, but rather how to get to heaven. This was completely different from the views of scientists, especially Copernicus and Galileo, who challenged whether the sun or earth was in the center of the universe, which consequently led to questioning of where heaven was located.
In order to understand the history of science, it is important to consider two major scientists; the Greek Aristotle and the Persian Ibn Sina. The reason why we approach these two scientists is because Ibn Sina could be considered one of the first “modern” scientists while Aristotle is more of an “ancient” scientist. The difference between the two is that Ibn Sina gained knowledge by the influences of such as Aristotle and Hippocrates6, in other words, from past knowledge. On the other hand, Aristotle came with his own beliefs on natural sciences, which are the fundamentals supporting many of his works7. Holding the difference between these two scientists in account, the same reasoning could be applied to science in a general view.
In this class, we have spent a good deal of time discussing scientific revolutions and how they have unfolded over the course of history. We've explored how scientific developments are very closely tied to the culture and society which bore them, and how this can act as either a hindrance or an advantage, depending on the circumstances. We've discuss the wide variety of obstacles and complications new scientific developments encounter before they can be successfully integrated into the scientific community and society as a whole. We've examined how vagueness or ambiguities in new scientific developments can lead to a wide variety of interpretations each with different philosophical implications. In this essay review I aim to explore the variety of obstacles that have been overcome in the development, establishment, and interpretation of new scientific developments.
In Steven Shapin’s book, The Scientific Revolution, he described the massive scientific changes that occurred from the late 16th to the early 18th centuries. Shapin utilizes the scientists and their findings to demonstrate the changes that affected Western civilization. He describes his theory of the Scientific Revolution as he proves that the world has always had scientific advances. Steven Shapin states his thesis which influenced the modern world, that the Scientific Revolution did not happen during a single time period through the use of the three essential questions: What was known, How was it known, and What was the Knowledge for.
Ignoring the semantic argument that the term ‘scientist was not coined until 1834 (NPR, 2010), the fact remains that academics at the time were working exclusively within the field of natural philosophy. While this may appear to be another semantic quibble, the differences between the methodology, fundamental assumptions, and most importantly goals, of these two forms of natural inquiry make it impossible to make a completely accurate comparison between the progress made by each discipline. Natural philosophy was performed in the hope that, by understanding how the natural world works, they could better understand God and his creation. In order to do this, natural philosophers would observe the natural world and then use logic and reasoning to explain how natural phenomena would occur. Religious texts, as well as the texts of classical natural philosophers such as Aristotle, were used as the foundation of this reasoning as it was believed that these works contained near irrefutable truth.
Because of many bright scientist, the Scientific Revolution changed the face of all science forever. One major change was reason, rather the emphasis on reason. Before the Scientific Revolution, scientists relied on the works of others before them to puzzle out life’s mysteries. But all that changed due to a revolutionary product of the Scientific Revolution. It was the scientific method.
During the Middle Ages, the relationship between science and religion was central to the ability of intellectuals to pursue the natural sciences. Without approval from their religious leaders, the great thinkers of the Middle Ages were unable to make any large strides in natural philosophy. Islamic societies were no exception. Muslim intellectuals of the time were simultaneously thinkers devoting to solving problems in the natural world as well as religious scholars. The usual narrative on Muslim scientific development relates that many Muslim religious leaders in the Middle Ages maintained a degree of distrust in the teachings of ancient Greek natural philosophers that provided the foundation for burgeoning sciences.
“God, who has given the world to men in common, has also given them reason to make use of it to the best advantage of life and convenience” (Locke, 35). The Scientific Revolution concentrated on understanding the physical world through astronomical and mathematical calculations, or testable knowledge. The Enlightenment focused more on “Spreading of faith in reason and in universal rights and laws” (Worlds Together, Worlds Apart, 535). While the Scientific Revolution preceded the Enlightenment, both time periods sought to limit and challenge the power of the Church, through the spread of science, reason and intellect, and political philosophies. The Scientific Revolution began with Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1542) and Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) wanting to understand the movement of the planets beyond what they authorities had told them.
At the same time reformation was shattering Christianity shaking loose the churches hold on European minds. Medieval European scholarship had been largely based on belief. Now that approach was over run as thinkers began to use mathematical data. In their studies of the stars, astronomers had struggled to explain what they were seeing. Nicolas Copernicus theorized that the earth turned and rotated around the sun.
But, in relatively recent times, although there is a specific process in which hypotheses should be proven, society has grown to be more accepting and welcoming of controversial ideas. Rather than having singular methods, like that of Socrates ', which did not encompass an entire field of knowledge, it allowed the development of precise areas in science to be far more extensive and detailed. Modern scientists did not have any religious