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This caused many issues, with many allies attempting and failing to leave the league. Thucydides states that they had “deprived [their allies] of their ships, and imposed instead contributions in money.” (1.19) Greece was now divided between two major powers: the Dealian League which formed the Athenian empire and Sparta and the Peloponnesian allies. Up until this point, Sparta had maintained its hegemony and authority as the major power or empire of Greece. Naturally, the rapid expansion and power of the Athenian empire was a concerning threat and looming anxiety to their authority.
One reason is because Persia had a stronger government structure in the area of their kings. One example would be, as stated, “To maintain order among the populace, Persian kings established courts to resolve legal disputes” (Persia Doc E). In contrast, Athenians were not forward thinkers of the area of their leaders and the laws created by said leaders. For example, as stated, “Anyone whose behavior was believed to be a threat to democracy could be ostracized; they would have to leave Athens for 10 years, within the ten days of the decision being taken” (Greek Doc A). The kings and laws of Persia were stronger than Greece’s laws and leaders because the kings of Persia made legal disputes to create peace and unification.
Sparta was not going to let itself being conquered or their freedom being taken away. Some battles that Spartans were known for were Thermopylae and Plataea in the 5th century BC. The battle of Thermopylae was the first battle between the Persians and the Greeks; the Persian army was vast compared to the small Greek and Spartan armies. Persian King Xerxes had already the Thessalains in the Persian side but the rest of the Greek city-states banded together and put Sparta in charge of the Greek army. The Greeks had to defend a narrow pass that could lead the Persians into Greece from the North, this pass was called Thermopylae.
Ancient battles have existed throughtout ancient history. Historically these battles were due to gaining total power of an empire or fighting for the resources these ancient lands provided the people. They were both located near the Mediterranean sea, allowing both empires to have similar quantity in their empires. These two empires were great and powerful,ut Persian 's empire was stronger than Greece empire because it had a larger skillful military. One example was Cyrus the Great and the Rise of Persia during 550-522 B.C.E. Persia was founded by Cyrus the Great, one of most brillant and powerful king.
The first Persian Empire, Achaemenid Empire, lasting from 550 BCE to 330 BCE, reached its height under ruler Cyrus the Great. At its peak, it encompassed Iraq and Iran, Syria, Israel, Anatolia, parts of Egypt, the Arabian Peninsula, a large portion of Central Asia, and Macedonia to the north of the classical Greek Empire. The tension between the Persians and Greek civilizations would eventually provoke Alexander the Great, whose conquest of Persia eventually ended the Achaemenid Empire. Significantly smaller than the Achaemenid Empire, the Parthian Empire lasted from 247 BCE to 224 CE. The Parthians were the arch rivals of the Roman Empire and defeated them in Rome 's early attempts at eastward expansion toward Persia.
Herodotus explains how the Spartans carried on defending Greece even though they were in distress from the continuous shooting of arrows form the Persians. This was not a situation the Spartans were used to as they were more skilled in close combat, whereas the Median soldiers were highly skilled archmen. Therefore, the Spartans should be given more credit than the Athenians for holding the line even in conditions they were not used to, under severe distress. However, the passage later goes on to reveal that the Spartans needed the Athenians help as they were only holding the line. They had no way to penetrate the Persians barricade that they built with their wicker shields and without the Athenians there was not much they could do.
Throughout history, there has been many battles in which two large and powerful empires fought to maintain land, fought over religion, or to gain an abundance of resources. These empires, the Greek and the Persian, were hostile towards each other at the time. Although these empires were quite similar, they were near direct opposites at the time.
The significance of Athenian men receiving army training as well as an education allowed for not only the bettering of their military, (which due to their location by the Aegean Sea had one of the strongest Navies in Ancient Greece) it also let them have knowledge in the arts and philosophy, this makes me want to live in Athens because I would know that i would be protected and the economy of my city state would be stable. Although Sparta may have some advantages over Athens, Athens was better prepared and knowledgeable over Sparta. In light of the evidence provided, Athens truly was the most impactful
Athens, had many challenges, both geographically and alliance wise. The Athenians were advised to appease all feuds within its neighboring polis. Greece was needed to unite under one cause, and that could not be done while the polis in Greece were at war.
Both civilizations had specific military strategies, weapons, and tactics that they used to protect themselves from enemies. While both militaries had some similarities, there were also some differences. The Ancient Greeks had a big military to protect them from outside enemies. They used a variety of weapons to protect themselves.
The Persians have a vastly bigger army than the Greeks do. According to Herodotus’ estimation, there were three hundred thousand Greeks fighting the 5,283,220 soldiers brought by Xerxes. (7.184&186) An army of that size can seize almost any land they want.
The period between 500 B.C.E to 338 B.C.E is referred to as “Classical Greece” due to the many achievements taken place, as well as the blossoming democracy in Athens, under the leadership of Pericles. One of the major confrontations during this period was between the Greek states and the Persian Empire. By the beginning of the 5th century BCE, Persia conquered Ionia, Thrace, and Macedonia while under the rule of Darius, and continued to expand his empire westward into mainland Europe.
Athens and Sparta, located between the Aegean and the Ionian Sea, allied with each other in the Greco-Persian war. Due to the advanced and powerful navy of Athens incorporation with the well-built army of Sparta, they gained victory over the Persian Empire. After the victory, Athens gained wealth and dominance over the other Greek societies causing tensions between Sparta. They both share similarities towards their cultural background but had different views in creating an ideal society in addition to their state’s place in the world. Moreover, they differ from the concepts of a well trained or educated society and a well built military, but share similarities in their government format.
The Spartans had elite military force and Ancient Rome generals trained their armies to be like Spartans. The selection for the strongest amongst the population was a common trait in Sparta that was passed down to Ancient Rome. Ancient Greek’s military trainings influenced Ancient Rome in their powerful army. However, a strong army would be ineffective without a strong leader. Alexander the Great significantly influenced the leadership style of Julius Caesar.
After the Peloponnesian War conflict, Sparta's naval supremacy grew quickly, but Athens' naval supremacy was questioned. The Peloponnesian War conflict eventually paved the way for the Macedonians to overthrow the Greeks in the mid-fourth century. All this happened because of the war's devastation, which led to great damage, debilitated the nation, and ultimately aided the Greek's long-term separation (Cartwright, 2018).
