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How Did The Thirty Years War Affect Europe

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In the beginning of the 17th century, life was extremely fragile and barely balanced. This state of living was quickly turned upside down by the devastation caused by the Thirty Years’ War. This war started in 1618 and lasted until 1648. The Holy Roman Empire consisted of hundreds of principalities. The prince of each principality decided what religion everyone living there would have to conform to. As faiths in different areas began to shift, truces began to deteriorate, creating lots of disturbance. The Thirty Years’ War had both political and religious causes that had long lasting effects in Europe. One of the main causes of the Thirty Years’ War was religious disputes. The religious disputes started with the Calvinists seeking recognition. One part of the Edict of Restitution said, “...only …show more content…

One long-lasting effect of the Edict of Restitution was that landowners had their land returned to them that had been lost to the Protestantism since 1552. Next, the Peace of Westphalia that ended the Thirty Years’ War in 1648, “marked a turning point in European history. For the most part, conflicts fought over religious faith receded.” Also, the faiths in various principalities shifting, caused Lutheran princes to form the Protestant Union in 1608, and the Catholics to retaliate with forming the Catholic League in 1609. Furthermore, one of the most drastic effects of The Thirty Years’ War was that approximately, “one-third of urban residents and two-fifths of the rural population,” to die. However, having learned from this devastation, the French nearly tripled their army by the end of the seventeenth century. Lastly the Augsburg Agreement of 1555 permanently added, “Calvinism to Catholicism and Lutheranism as legally permissible creeds,” giving Calvinists recognition they wanted. The Thirty Years’ War and the effects had a drastic impact on

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During the period between 1550 and 1648, the view of the Holy Roman Empire, France, and the Spanish Netherlands shifted to perceive religious diversity as a strength and not as a weakness. Following the bloody civil war between Charles V and the Schmalkaldick league, the Peace of Augsburg took the first steps to reestablishing domestic stability. The contract specified in Document 4 illustrates the town council in Saxony mandating the cooperation of Lutheranism and Catholicism with the Catholic church allowing Lutheran priests to perform sermons in the upper balcony. The system helps to ensure domestic stability which goes in sharp contrast to the war under Charles V for religious uniformity. Therefore, Document 4 illustrates that the city council believed that there could be political stability with religious diversity.

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To historians, the “Thirty Year War can also be seen, at least in its initial stages, as round three in the series of religious wars that resulted from the Reformation. Round one had ended with Peace of Augsburgy in 1555, and round two with Henry IV of France allowing French Protestants limited freedom of worship…”(Hanks, 321). Throughout Mr. Robisheaux’s book, he shined a light on the impact the war had on small towns, such as the Langenburg village. The impact on Anna Schmieg’s life can be seen through how the Lutheran Church handled her case and how her upbringing affected the case as well. As the fear of the unknown impacted the spread of fear of witchcraft in the countryside of Germany, the impact of the church can be seen through the rebuilding process of church authority in the communities.

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France’s unity was only possible due to the leadership of their king who sought to make all of his people unified under one single religion. In an era subsequent to the wars of religion, where the world fought over both power and between religious beliefs of Catholicism and Protestantism, the Edict of Nantes was created in an attempt to make peace between the Catholics and Huguenots, French Protestants in 1598 by permitting Huguenots to worship. Believing that France should be united under one religion, Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes in 1685: “The revocation of the Edict[of Nantes], signed by the King on October 18, ordered the demolition of all Protestant temples, the cessation of all Protestant services, the Catholic baptism of those born in the Protestant faith. The revocation was forced with the greatest brutality” (Ashley 92). Although it this may have been a strange move that was bound to cause tension between the Huguenots and the Catholics, Louis was determined to create unity in France regardless of what others thought.

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He felt a personal duty to protect Lutheranism. When he felt that Lutheran citizens were being mistreated in Bohemia and elsewhere in the Holy Roman Empire, he felt absolutely compelled to assist the people of his faith. This religious motivation and desire to save a faith that Christian IV felt personally responsible for prompted entrance into the Thirty Years’ War. While the defense of his religion was incredibly important to Christian IV and played a large role in his desire to wage war against the Holy Roman Empire, it was the political tensions between the Swedish King and Christian IV that pushed him into the war with the most

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