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Hume Vs Descartes Research Paper

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Hisham Khoury 7.1.16 Debate between Rationalists and Empiricist Team R (Descartes, Spinoza, Leibnitz) Team E (Hume, Locke) * “Continental rationalism” VS “British empiricism” Team R: Descartes: Descartes uses the strategy of doubt to reveal any uncertainty about the truth. He begins doubting the truth of everything, and then he comes to a conclusion that if some truth couldn’t be doubted any more then this indubitable truth is a certain foundation of knowledge. To Descartes the one certain in this world that …show more content…

He uses the Metaphor of Hercules made of marble and says that the soul resembled these blank tablets and the truth is already within us like Hercules is already in the Block and we shape(sculpt) it to be what it …show more content…

Rationalists always leaned on intellectual and deductive reasoning (derived from mathematical and logical principles) claiming that it is the most justifiable and valid source of knowledge rather that “simply relying on our sensory experience”. One of the arguments presented by rationalists is that we are born with innate knowledge rather than being “Tabula Rasa” and our mind is built to response to mathematical methods of reasoning and that some experiences may trigger a process by which we bring this knowledge to consciousness this is part of our that innate rational

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Juliet Arowosaye UCOR 132: Basic Philosophical Questions Meditations on First Philosophy; Descartes’ Doubts and Resolutions In Meditations on First Philosophy by Rene Descartes, the meditator presents the possibility that everything he, and all humans, have known and seen could be false. He struggles to find any reason to not doubt that our senses have just been deceiving us our whole lives. Thus, he reaches the conclusion that everything we have seen and known, as well as our existence, must be called into doubt. Descartes attempts to unravel the meditator’s mentality by presenting ways in which we are possibly being deceived.

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The most fundamental precept of rationality is that A equals A; this is the building block of all knowledge and the place where all minds must necessarily start. That A exists and exists independently of our naïve understanding, but still has the ability to be known is the basis of all knowledge. This fact cannot be cajoled or bargained with. The sun rises and sets. Economies grow and shrink.

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Descartes begins his Meditations by putting his former beliefs to the test by thoroughly questioning them with the essence of doubt. Descartes divides his doubting into three

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Arguments of Thomas Aquinas and David Hume In this essay I will address the two opposing premises of Thomas Aquinas and David Hume on how the natural order observed in nature proves or disproves the existence of a higher being. Aquinas who was a Catholic monk, as well as, a theologian philosopher wrote about how this natural order worked towards the conclusion of the existence of life being controlled by a higher being. Hume’s works all fall under that of the empiricism, otherwise known as skepticism, category. For this one must set forth legitimate evidence which can withstand being questioned or torn apart by other premises.

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Rationalists held true that individuals were born with some innate knowledge. Individuals also possessed innate concepts/ideas, such as the capability to learn language or having

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Reason takes a journey through various philosophical thinkers such as Descartes, Hume, and Kant, throughout history. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy discusses the difference between rationalist and empiricist theses. For rationalists believe that some of our knowledge comes from our own rational nature; whereas empiricists say that all of our knowledge is derived from our sensory experiences. Reason is objectively what we know about the world to be true regardless of our opinion. The truth cannot be disputed and reason cannot be contradictory. It is a structuring mechanism by way we know things and grounding of how we come to know things.

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Overall, the rational is but an attempt to define the undefinable. To understand Otto’s rejection of the rational, the rational must be understood. “Rational,” in The Idea of the Holy, refers to the conceptualization of religion and the divine itself. Otto’s basic definition of the rational stems from the establishment and application of concepts evidenced in “they can be grasped by the intellect; they can be analyzed by thought; they even admit of definition. An object that can thus be thought conceptually may be termed rational” (Otto, 1).

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In Book 1 Part 3 Section 1 of David Hume’s A Treatise of Human Nature, the philosopher—grounded in the British skeptical and empirical tradition—attempts to offer his standard and criteria for epistemological certainty, presumably in response to René Descartes’ epistemology presented in his Discourse and Mediations. Hume asserts “there is no single phenomenon, even the most simple, which can be accounted for from the qualities of the objects, as they appear to us, for which we [could] foresee without the help of our memory and experience” (Treatise 1.3.1.1). In other words, Hume argues that knowledge of the world and its objects is only possible a posteriori, but, he asserts in 1.3.1, that statements about the relations of ideas—primarily

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“From what has already been said we have established that all the bodies in the universe are composed of one and the same matter, which is divisible into indefinitely many parts, and is in fact divided into a large number of parts which move in different directions and have a sort of circular motion; moreover, the same quantity of motion is always preserved in the universe,” a famous quote by René Descartes. Descartes was one of the key figures in the Scientific Revolution of the 17th Century, is sometimes considered the first of the modern school of mathematics, and dubbed the name as "The Father of Modern Philosophy" (1). Since Descartes believed that all truths were ultimately linked, he sought to uncover the meaning of the natural world with a rational approach, through science and mathematics.

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Descartes and Hume. Rationalism and empiricism. Two of the most iconic philosophers who are both credited with polarizing theories, both claiming they knew the answer to the origin of knowledge and the way people comprehend knowledge. Yet, despite the many differences that conflict each other’s ideologies, they’re strikingly similar as well. In this essay I will attempt to find an understanding of both rationalism and empiricism, show the ideologies of both philosophers all whilst evaluating why one is more theory is potentially true than the other.

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There are two ways rationalists develop what they see. The first is that their knowledge is above and beyond the information that can be provided by the experience using the five senses. The second way rationalists develop is creating accounts for any extra information, such as information about the world (Markie 1). Therefore, the information that rationalists receive is what they think about an experience and that they know everything that they can. In

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Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Title: Philosophy is an important aspect of learning. It is a process that seeks to explain existing relationships to persons involved in each other and to the entire world at large. It is that desire to comprehend the vital truths concerning ones’ surroundings and themselves.

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But the rationalist 's claim to know this, substance, without explanation of its workings is a flaw Locke argues lies in rationalistic thought. Indeed substance helps hold the universe together and is an unavoidable idea which we can’t do without, but to say we innately know the complex mysteries of substance cohesion (including attribute, mode, etc.) isn’t justifiable according to

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Rationalism and empiricism are two methods that can be understood under the concept of epistemology, psychology and philosophy of psychology to understand where the source of knowledge comes from. “In psychology and its philosophy, empiricism and rationalism concern the sources of psychological states and capacities that may include, but are not confined to, state of knowledge (Longworth, 2009).” Rationalism states a priori knowledge, deduction and the concept of an active mind. According to rationalist, our minds have innate set of principles and skills. If we only use our logic in accordance with these principles is enough to obtain accurate information about all the objects that make up the universe.

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