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Determination Of Chemical Formula Of Hydrate Lab Report

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Title : Determination of chemical formula of hydrate Aim To determine the chemical formula of hydrated Copper (II) sulphate, CuSO4 Research Background “When the chemical is heated the hydrate will convert to an anhydrous ionic compound (this means the water will leave it). The moles of H2O will be determined by assuming the amount of mass lost by heating is the mass of the evaporated H2O. The moles of the CuSO4 (the white substance after heating) can be calculated from the mass of the white crystals. Using the molar ratio of moles of CuSO4 to moles of H2O, one can determine the chemical formula of the hydrate.” Apparatus and materials Apparatus and Materials used Quantity Crucible and lid Tripod stand Clay triangle Wire gauze White tile …show more content…

The blue colour of hydrate CuSO4 turns white at the end of the heating process. Base of the crucible becomes black, indicates that there is soot produced. Determine The Precision Of Data by Calculating Mean or average of the data, x ̅ =(total reading)/(number of reading) Mean, x ̅ (Mass of H₂O in the hydrated sample 1 g)

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- ​A hydrate is a salt that contains water as a part of its crystal structure. The hydrate used in this lab was Copper (ll) Sulfate Pentahydrate. To heat the hydrate in this lab a crucible is needed. A crucible is a heat resistant container used to heat things to high temperatures. In this lab a mole was used to determine the measurements of all substances.

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The objectives of this experiment were to use knowledge of chemical formulas and chemical nomenclature to experimentally determine the empirical formula of copper chloride. Common laboratory techniques were used to conduct a reaction between copper chloride and solid aluminum in order to get rid of the water of hydration. The amount of water of hydration in the sample of copper chloride hydrate was calculated by measuring the mass before and after heating the sample. Afterwards, an oxidation-reduction reaction was conducted, resulting in elemental copper.

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Balanced Chemical Equation: Cu(s) + 4HNO3(aq) —> Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2NO2 (g) + 2H2O (l) Reaction 2: when sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is added to copper (II) nitrate (Cu(NO3)2), a double displacement reaction will occur. Copper and sodium will displace each other to create copper (II) hydroxide and sodium nitrate. Balanced Chemical Equation: Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) —> CuOH2 (s) + 2NaNO3 (aq) Reaction 3: When copper (II) hydroxide is heated, a decomposition reaction will occur. The reaction will decompose forming two compounds, Copper (II) oxide, and water. Balanced Chemical Equation: Cu(OH)2 (s) + Heat —> CuO (s)

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This heating and cooling was repeated until there was very little (less than 0.0010 grams) fluctuation in numbers. Vial one had a start weight of 14.7681 and an end weight of 15.4098, meaning the mass of the water was 0.4658. Vial 2 had a start weight of 14.7451 and an end weight of 15.3833, meaning the mass of the water in this sample was 0.4633. The mass of the water was found by subtracting the mass of the vial with the hydrate (the start weight) from the mass after the final heating (the final weight). To then find the percent water divide the water mass by the hydrate mass and multiply by 100 since the number is a percent.

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In this experiment, the amount of water lost in the 0.99 gram sample of hydrated salt was 0.35 grams, meaning that 35.4% of the salt’s mass was water. The unknown salt’s percent water is closest to that of Copper (II) Sulfate Pentahydrate, or CuSO4 ⋅ 5H2O. The percent error from the accepted percent water in CuSO4 ⋅ 5H2O is 1.67%, since the calculated value came out to be 0.6 less than the accepted value of 36.0%.This lab may have had some issues or sources of error, including the possibility of insufficient heating, meaning that some water may not have evaporated, that the scale was uncalibrated, or that the evaporating dish was still hot while being measured. This would have resulted in convection currents pushing up on the plate and making it seem lighter by lifting it up

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Introduction The goal of the experiment is to examine how the rate of reaction between Hydrochloric acid and Sodium thiosulphate is affected by altering the concentrations. The concentration of Sodium thiosulfate will be altered by adding deionised water and decreasing the amount of Sodium thiosulphate. Once the Sodium thiosulphate has been tested several times. The effect of concentration on the rate of reaction can be examined in this experiment.

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Aim: To find out the relationship between the greater concentration of sodium thiosulfate when mixed with hydrochloric acid and the time it takes for the reaction (the time it takes for the solution to turn cloudy) to take place and to show the effect on the rate of reaction when the concentration of one of the reactants change. Introduction: The theory of this experiment is that sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid reach together to produce sulfur as one of its products. Sulfur is a yellow precipitate so, the solution will turn to yellow color while the reaction is occurring and it will continue until it will slowly turn completely opaque. The reaction of the experiment happens with this formula: “Na2 S2 O3 + HCL =

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