Hypersensitivity Lab Report

Introduction:

The immune system is an important part of the human body. This system protects the human body against diseases. These normal protections sometimes could cause hurtful reactions in the host. These reactions are known as hypersensitivity reactions (also called hypersensitivity reaction or intolerance) where pathological immune reaction occur as a result of continues exposure to an antigen. It can cause huge damaging to the body where it can lead to death. The diseases include Autoimmune disease, in which the immune system in the body work against self-antigen, and Allergies, in which caused by the uncontrolled responses to unknown antigens. The scientists classified these reactions to Gell and Coombs classification. This traditional classification of hypersensitivity are the most commonly known system.

Gell and Coombs classification differentiate four types of reactions depending on the mechanism of the immune reaction and the time taken for it. There are some clinical condition could be under more than one type. Type l hypersensitivity:

This reaction could occur in the skin, eye, nasopharynx, bronchopulmonary tissues and gastrointestinal tract. Several symptoms appear with these reactions from minors to sever symptoms that can lead to death. The reaction of type l hypersensitivity usually takes 15-30 minutes from the time of the introduction to the antigen, however, sometimes it takes (10-12 hours). The antigen that caused hypersensitivity type l are defined as allergens which stimulate the production of antibodies of the immunoglobulin IgE. Mast cells and basophils are the main component in type l hypersensitivity where the reaction occur at its surface leads to receptor cross-linking and degranulation. This leads to the release of vasoactive biomolecules and produce allergic reaction. Examples include Anaphylaxis, asthma and