Gender Equality Against Women

Professor Md Shahidulla Kaiser, who received his MSc in Africa and International Development from The University of Edinburgh, defines development as a positive-change process allow human beings move to a new stage, in which they can increase benefits and enjoy more than ever (2016). One of the factors relating to development is technology. Dr.V.S Arunachalam, founder and chairman of Center for Study of Science, Technology and Policy (CSTEP) in India and Raj Reddy, former Co-Chair of US President’s Information Technology mentioned that "Technology remains as the fountainhead for human development and economic growth" (Arunachalam et al 2005, 7). This statement has been examined through a long time period in history of world civilizations.

The Human Development Report 2016: Human Development for Everyone emphasized the equal capacities and opportunities of all human beings in achieving good health, accessing to knowledge, human rights, human security, decent standard of living, non-discrimination, dignity and self-determination. However, the report also pointed out that there are any barriers against women to achieve those rights. For examples, female workers in 100 countries are not allowed to work in some particular careers because of their gender; national laws of more than 150 countries discriminate against women when there is only 18 countries enact national laws which apply equally for both genders (Jahan 2016, 6). Those kinds of gender inequalities indeed have not only in under developed and developing countries but also in developed countries. Republic of Korea, also known as South Korea, is an examples of those gender inequalities in developed countries. According to statistics from United Nations Development programme in 2015, it is easily to notice that in Republic of Korea, the gender development indices of male usually dominate over female. For instance, the human development index is 0.929 at male and 0.863 at female. The male labor force participation rate is 71.8% and 50% in female. In addition, statistic also indicates that in 2015, the gross national income per capital is 47,934 USD for male while female one is even less than half of that

In 2013, Korea became the second-largest market share owner of the world ICT manufacturing market. It was ranked no.1 in the markets of smartphone and flat panel displays (FPDs), and no. 2 in the market of semiconductors ("ICT Industrial Content in Seoul: Seoul Metropolitan Government" 6). According to a report of International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 2012, South Korea was ranked no. 1 on their level of ICT about accessibility, and skills (Phneah 2012). In 2014, the internet broadband speed in South Korea was larger than 10Mbps and ranked top one of the world (ICT Facts and Figures 2015). Development in ICT manufacturing allows the Korean approach to smartphones, smart TV the internet services with cheaper price and better quality; therefore, there are more and more people in this country using smartphones, smart TVs and