Essay On The Enlightenment Era

The development of science is one of the most significant achievements of the Enlightenment era, as it shaped both socio-economic and political spheres of life. In this paper, I would like to highlight the importance of the institutionalization of science as one of the most significant factors that affected intellectual, social and political aspects of the history of the Enlightenment era. The beginning of the Enlightenment era in Europe coincided with revolutions, struggles, wars and instability generated by the destruction of empires, church, corporate and feudal relations. At the same time, new capitalist and liberal relations started to form. Rapid emasculation of social ideas and religious leaders, along with technical progress led to the necessity for new social and political order. (Munck, 2000)
The popularity of the idea of progress in the second half of the XVIII century - is the flip side of

Ideal positivism collapsed in the eighties and nineties of the XIX century, and idealism as an ideal - in the forties. (Dupre, 2004) This wreck of idealism and positivism drew awareness to religious values and partially restored it in the eyes of intellectuals and the ruling authority. The new religious philosophy was created in the seventies and the nineties of XIX century. To sum everything up, it is possible to say that the secularization of the second half of the XVIII - first half of the XIX century was a historically significant episode. During this period, Enlightenment expressed itself in the new philosophical, anthropological, social and scientific ideas. Science and philosophy reached the level of maturity and were significantly developed. The "age of secularization" coincided with the century of ideological domination of science as such. Due to the secularization, science was able to become institutionalized, which allowed it to strongly affect the