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The Scientific Revolution In The Elizabethan Era

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“The Elizabethan Period was the age of the Renaissance, of new ideas and new thinking” (Alchin). It was a time of many advances in a large variety of fields. Some of the most notorious advances during this time were in the field of science. Overall, the most well-known revolutions in science of the Elizabethan Era are attributed to the Scientific Revolution, which brought about many changes, especially in astronomy, physics, and mathematics, and innovations, which had a strong impact on the way of life during this time. The Scientific Revolution “refers to historical changes in thought & belief, to changes in social & institutional organization, that unfolded in Europe between roughly 1550-1700” (Hatch). This revolution was a time to replace …show more content…

The Enlightenment was the era that followed the Scientific Revolution, and it was heavily influenced by the revolution. It did this by “extending its ideas to new disciplines such as demography, the science of man, and anthropology; by transforming chemistry, the life sciences (biology), and the study of electricity; and by vastly developing the power of mathematics as the language of science” (Reill & Wilson). Lastly, the Scientific Revolution, along with the Enlightenment, helped to pave the way for science as is known to this …show more content…

Artists during this period used science to study the body to improve on their images and depictions of the human body in their artworks. Similarly, architects and builders used math and science to make developments to their architecture. “The true geniuses of the time were often both artists and scientists” ("Renaissance Science and Inventions"). Science also had a great impact on writing of the time. Writers like Shakespeare mentioned science and new developments in their works numerous

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The majority of the science during this time just reinforced the ideas of the Church and the Church’s power. However, the “radical” scientists such as Galileo let their scientific ideas be heard and the topic of science started to interest more and more people. The result of this was that the government became involved in these scientific topics, was able to take hold of authority, and started to create scientific societies which would develop and progress throughout the 1700’s and

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Ava Crozier AP Euro, Period 4 Mr. Garner 7 February 2023 DBQ: Evaluate whether or not the Catholic Church in the 1600s was opposed to new ideas in science. Throughout the 17th century, the Catholic Church faced having to determine whether they stood more pro- or anti-science. Leading up to this, renaissance ideas of humanism and secularism were generally accepted, as long as they were able to align with the Church as well. Greco-Roman thought was studied, but it was often changed to support more modern ideas, like how the neoplatonists used some of Plato’s ideas to support Christian thought.

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Scientific discoveries were made and contributed to the growth of the people in Europe and America. The Enlightenment was a growth period in Europe and America, as people were told to rely on their own intellect instead of always looking to God for answers. Unfortunately, because of their existing class structure, religious positions, and authoritative rule, these new ideas in Europe could only be debated.

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In the 17th and 18th century the Enlightenment was a period of intellectual movement encompassing reason, individualism, and skepticism. The Scientific Revolution, which came from the enlightenment, resulted in new scientific findings, particularly in astronomy, which changed long-held beliefs about how space affects the natural world. These new revelations led people to doubt the established political and social hierarchies. The Enlightenment challenged traditional notions of hierarchy, including the king's 'divine right' to govern, the nobility's privileges, and the influence of religion on politics. Additionally, it served as an inspiration for the values of choice, equality, and independence as well as the fundamentals of human reason

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This time period marked a change from trusting the Church for answers to using logic and science to explain how the world works. As a revolution is a change that leads to a new system or way of thinking, this makes the Scientific Revolution a revolution and not a conflict. Paragraph 1: The development of the Scientific Method The first way that the Scientific Revolution can be seen as a revolution instead of a conflict is in the development of the Scientific Method during this time period.

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Through the introduction of the scientific method and new ways of modern thought the Enlightenment era spirals off of the ideas from the Scientific Revolution. The Scientific Revolution ultimately pushed the ideas of individualism and inspired enlightenment thinkers to accomplish what they did throughout the enlightenment era. Although the defining theme of chapter 17 could be individualism, the main defining theme of this chapter is Reasoning because of the new modern ways of thought and thinking that were introduced through reasoning. One new way of thinking included Religious tolerance among religions.

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(1) “The movement known as the Enlightenment included writers living at different times in carious countries. Its early exponents, the philosophes, popularized the rationalism and scientific ideas of the 17th century. They exposed contemporary social and political abuses and argued that reform was necessary and possible.” (The Heritage of World Civilizations). This led to tremendous rethinking of religious and moral matters as well as scientific theory.

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The scientific revolution is important because it brings to light two fundamental ideas “observation and evidence”, this forced man to compare the physical traits of human forms, this brought about the differentiation between blacks and whites. According to West philosophy in collaboration with science helped bring theory to reality. Philosophers Bacon and Descartes believed that philosophy brought a new standard of knowledge and that observation and evidence were at the center of the scientific method (West pg. 52). The classical revival of the Greco ideas of beauty that was used to measure what is considered beauty. In J.J Winckelmann’s “History of Ancient Art”.

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During the seventeenth century, many of Europe’s diverse and numerous countries were going through countless political, economic, and cultural transformations. The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment were two of the greatest, most important changes of the early modern era which greatly altered the course of history in most of Europe. People were starting to question and challenge widely accepted beliefs and applying approaches to knowledge rooted in human reason to the physical universe and human affairs. The study of history often focuses on these events and its effects on Europe, excluding or ignoring its effects on places outside of Europe. The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment both sparked interests in science in China and

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The Enlightenment began with the English philosopher John Locke. It was an era of spreading faith in reason, in reason, and in universal rights and laws (The Enlightenment in Europe). The ideas that were embodied by Enlightenment were life, liberty, and property. It also led to the idea of natural right. The Enlightenment influenced the way people finally realized that divine right wasn’t right and start to doubt it.

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Physicians, and Medicine During the Elizabethan Time The Elizabethan time period was from 1558 through 1603 known as the Renaissance. During the Renaissance there was not any running water, so people would have to throw their waste in the streets. With people’s waste in the street came many illnesses including The Plague. Even a minor scrap could kill you in the next minute.

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Rene Descartes and Francis Bacon were both the children of modern thought and modern science. They tried to revolutionize the old scholastic way of thought and learning. Descartes was considered the first modern philosopher and Cartesian philosophy won many followers in the 17th century. Bacon, too, was highly influential and his theories on the organization of the sciences had a great effect on the sciences in his time and into the future. So Both Descartes and Bacon had great roles in the Scientific Revolution.

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In Steven Shapin’s book, The Scientific Revolution, he described the massive scientific changes that occurred from the late 16th to the early 18th centuries. Shapin utilizes the scientists and their findings to demonstrate the changes that affected Western civilization. He describes his theory of the Scientific Revolution as he proves that the world has always had scientific advances. Steven Shapin states his thesis which influenced the modern world, that the Scientific Revolution did not happen during a single time period through the use of the three essential questions: What was known, How was it known, and What was the Knowledge for.

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“God, who has given the world to men in common, has also given them reason to make use of it to the best advantage of life and convenience” (Locke, 35). The Scientific Revolution concentrated on understanding the physical world through astronomical and mathematical calculations, or testable knowledge. The Enlightenment focused more on “Spreading of faith in reason and in universal rights and laws” (Worlds Together, Worlds Apart, 535). While the Scientific Revolution preceded the Enlightenment, both time periods sought to limit and challenge the power of the Church, through the spread of science, reason and intellect, and political philosophies. The Scientific Revolution began with Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1542) and Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) wanting to understand the movement of the planets beyond what they authorities had told them.

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Likewise, some things discover during the Renaissance period, have also helped in terms of technology. One example would be the discovery of the printing press. Something that has not only helped people gain easy access to literature and other works of science besides; it has also helped in the production of books. As move into an era of technological advancement, the invention and elements of the Renaissance continue to play a significant role in today’s society. Just as Gutenberg sought out to make printing and distribution of literature accessible to much of Europe, so do, the inventions today seek to bring forth a rebirth in science, arts, and technology.

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