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Immanuel Kant's Contemporary Karl Marx

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Immanuel Kant was an 18th century German philosopher who was born on April 22nd, 1724 in Konigsberg, Germany. Kant was most notable for his work on ethics and wrote various books based on his primary objective to determine the limitations and capacity of pure reason. Immanuel Kant’s contemporary, Karl Marx was born on May 5th, 1818 in Trier, Germany. Marx was a philosopher, economist, sociologist, journalist and revolutionary socialist. He was the “inventor” of Marxism along with philosopher, Friedrich Engels, which conveyed the idea of demolishing capitalism and a having a communist society. The scope of this essay is to acknowledge the similarities and differences among the ethical theories of Immanuel Kant and his contemporary Karl Marx. First this paper will manifest how Marx’s view of religion, of the opium of the masses, greatly contrasts with Kant’s idea of the existence of God. Secondly, this essay will highlight how Kant’s …show more content…

Looking at it through Marx’s point of view, he dwells on the fact that religion blinds people from the truth of their own reality. As stated by Marx, society was identified as two classes: the bourgeoisie (the rich) and the proletariat (the poor). He believed that the wealthy people would have all the power and would continue to gain money off of the work of the proletariat. Therefore Marx concluded that this capitalist system had established a feeling of alienation for these workers, thus religion was an excuse for them to accept their predicament in life. Marx didn’t seem to believe in unseen truths, which is why he argues that humans should be guided by reason and that religion seemed to be covering the truth and deceiving followers. He believed that religion was like an opiate; giving a sense of security. In spite of that fact, Marx stated that this was all an illusion. This is best understood from the following

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Marx compares religion to his ideas on the alienation of a worker resulting from the labor to create a product. In his comparison to alienation, Marx writes, “The more man puts into God, the less he retains in himself. The worker puts his life into the object; but now his life no longer belongs to him but to the object” (Marx, in Calhoun, p. 88). According to Marx, the labor that a worker puts into his work is similar to externality through devotion, as he puts more of himself into the work and views it as separate from himself. Unlike Durkheim, Marx believes that, similar to work, religion takes away from the individual by absorbing his devotion and reducing his ownership of himself.

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Social change stems from conflicts between the relations and forces of production . However, as an “ideological form” , religion only arises when the ruling classes – those in control of the mode of production – represent their interest as the common interest. Ideas that served these interests also became “the only rational, universally valid ones” . Therefore, while Marx would agree with Tocqueville that religion promotes the incumbent social order, he notes that religion traces its origins and growth from the mode of production . Religion thus serves to solidify the unjust status of the ruling class , rather than pave the way for the stadial progress of history.

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Marx and Nietzsche both agreed that religion is unnecessary. Marx viewed religion as a form of dissent from the working class. He believed that using religion was an expression of the individual`s personal suffering. Therefore, humans made religion to run away from their daily problems, in the end creating more problems with the concept of religion itself. Marx viewed religion as something made by humans to provide reasoning and answers for their questions and desires.

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Imagine trying to promote atheism in a time of theism, it would probably be seen as being incongruent with existing ways of thinking. It would act as a constraint for what you can put out into the public domain and what can be accepted. Marx’s claim is similar to this, in that the bits of life that are doing the constraining are the functions to fit to existing ways of producing. If people have a natural resistance to something then gaining attraction will be hard, since it is going to involve some sort of emotional cost. So even though there is a big set of ideas, some of those will be constrained by certain things that are preventing them from being

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Question 1: Looking at the religion worksheet, Karl Marx has been quoted saying " . . . is the sigh of the oppressed creature...” and "...is only the illusory sun which revolves around man as long as he does not revolve around himself.” Also, has been quoted saying the this " ... the fantastic realization of the human essence because the human essence has no true reality. The struggle against religion is, therefore ... the fight against the other world, of which religion is the spiritual aroma.”

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