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Immanuel Kant's Two Versions Of Categorical Imperative

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German philosopher Immanuel Kant accepted the basic proposition that a theory of duties and rules telling us what we are obligated to do was the right approach to ethical problems (Velasquez, 2012). Kant wanted a way to gather all of the principle or duty that we have been talking about to work together, instead of leaving us confused between being only loyal to one principle or duty. Kant argued moral requirements are on a standard of the categorical imperative. Therefore, Kant believed that categorical imperative is based on the principle to determine whether one’s actions is ethically correct, in other words an ethical rule that does not depend on circumstances (Velasquez, 2012). Kant proposed two versions of categorical imperatives: first
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Kantians believe that the rightness or wrongness of an action does not depend on the consequences, but on whether they fulfill a duty. They must act in a way that will produce the greatest overall amount of good in the world. In this view there is no obligation to give money to a homeless person, but it is the right thing to do. Kant’s supreme moral principle is the categorical imperative. The categorical imperative is a moral law that is unconditional for all agents because of intrinsic value.

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Would you agree it would be horrible if not sinful to harm something good and innocent like perhaps a mockingbird? In the book To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee Atticus, the narrator’s father, says “Remember it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird” (pg.119) when telling her what she can and can’t shoot with her new air gun. Scout tells us that Atticus never says something is a sin; so why would he say that maybe to teach her it’s bad to harm a good and innocent creature. Atticus’s quote means more than just it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird but that it is wrong to harm or kill something that is innocent and does only good.

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Immanuel Kant’s, Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, pages 516-521, discusses the concept of the categorical imperative. The categorical imperative serves as the foundational principle for moral reasoning. Kant states, “There is therefore only one categorical imperative and it is this: “Act only on that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law,” (Kant, 516). He explains the categorical imperative as a universal moral law. He says it applies to all rational beings.

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I believe Beth’s decision to end her life is morally justified, despite the reservations her family might have. In this case, we will look at two aspects which would support Beth’s decision: a maxim turned Categorical Imperative in Kantian ethics, and the principle of autonomy. In Kantian ethics, the consequences of an action are irrelevant, only the intentions behind one’s actions can be judged to be morally right or wrong. The reason behind one’s actions can be based on one’s maxim, furthermore, “if they pass the test imposed by the categorical Imperative, then we can say that such actions are right” (479).

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In his moral theory, Kant also makes a distinction between the hypothetical imperative and the categorized imperative. The hypothetical imperative states if you want Y do X. He states that X is conditional and if you give up Y, then X is unnecessary. He describes that the categorical imperative states to do X and that X is unconditional and necessary. In his moral theory, he also explains the difference between actions in accord with duty and actions from duty. An action done in accord with duty is done for you and there is an inclination behind the action.

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Dimitris Lykouris, Katarina Mihaljević, Mats Lodenstijn Ethics (700211) hand-out seminar October 8th, 2014 Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785) Immanuel Kant Introduction In this paper we will try to introduce the main idea as presented in chosen chapters of Kant's work. For better understanding, it is important to note that his line of argumentation does not start with main hypothesis which is further explicated, rather, Kant uses analytical a priori method (tries to see what follows from the concepts such as good will, duty etc.) and tries to establish the justification of Categorical Imperative. Nevertheless, we will start with the main hypothesis, from where we will turn to the main concepts and divisions behind it.

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Kant also thought it was possible for pure reason to discover objective ethical truths. Kant believed that ethical truths must be categorical, universal, and be the product of reason. Kant’s categorical imperative states that a person should always act in such a way that they could will that act should be a universal law. This means that Kant thought that it was best to do the right thing, even if the person didn’t want to. This view of ethics focuses on what is right to do.

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As a deontological (duty-based) philosopher, Kant believes that morality is based on duty and respect. He emphasizes rationality as the only significant fact relevant to morality. His formulation of the categorical imperative serves to launch his argument regarding what it means to be truly moral and what it takes to universalize a moral law. The aim of Kant’s work was to establish

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The final ethical theory is Kant’s deontology. Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher who admire the stoics for their dedication to performing their duties and playing their part. He based his theory on duties, obligations, and rights. Its main focus is that everyone has an inherited right. It highlights the importance of respecting a person autonomy.

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The end does not justify the means. This was the principal ethical theory of Immanuel Kant and made up his ‘Categorical Imperative’, a deontological argument which showcased how certain actions are fundamentally wrong, such as murder, lying or torture and can therefore, never be justified. Contrastingly a utilitarian would claim that the ends do in fact justify the means and would enact a focus on outcomes in deciding whether or not an action is morally permissible. In 2002 Jakob Von Metzler, a boy of just twelve years, was kidnapped and a police officer threatened the kidnapper, Magnus Gafgen, with torture in an attempt to find and save the child. Gafgen told the officer that he had killed the boy and then disclosed the location of the body.

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Kant presented the three main points that are the two Categorical Imperative and Good Will. Good will is the basic of Kant 's ethics. Categorical Imperative in the behavior value is the foundation of Kant 's ethics. Kant was based on the "Categorical Imperative" to test behavior justified or not (CSUS 2016). Kant is define the Good Will as the only thing good in itself which is means doing something because you think is good doesn’t make the action good (Shaw et al.

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The situation in above case is not the new one for us as per study of Universal Ethics and Utilitarianism philosophies as Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative that clearly states that moral law applies to every rational being and it will be totally independent of any personal desire, objective or motive. However, Utilitarianism Philosophy describes that moral actions of beings will be those which directly maximize the utility. On the other side, Universal Ethical Law states that moral law will be applicable to every human being in the world regardless their region, religious or community and this law will be independent to any particular quality or specification. If we go through and test Luke's case when he wants taking suggestion and advice

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Ethics and the search for a good moral foundation first drew me into the world of philosophy. It is agreed that the two most important Ethical views are from the world’s two most renowned ethical philosophers Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill. In this paper, I will explore be analyzing Mill’s Greatest Happiness Principle and Kant’s Categorical Imperative. In particular, I want to discuss which principle provides a better guideline for making moral decisions. And which for practical purposes ought to be taught to individuals.

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The categorical imperative is formal, while the substance is decided by the person. The idea is that by a process of reasoning, one can check his intuitions and desires and see if they can become a general rule for moral behavior. Kant bases his theory on three main concepts: the good will, the duty and the law. The moral worth of an action is measured in its intention.

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Kant believes that most people know right from wrong; the problem most people have is not in knowing what is morally, but in doing it. Kant also argued that rightness or wrongness of particular acts is determined by rules; these rules could be determined by his principle of universalizability. He also argued reason require not only that moral duties be universal but also absolutely binding. For instance, when lying is the only option to save someone’s life, still we shall not lie for it is morally wrong to lie. Kant introduced categorical imperative which states that people ought to do something regardless of the consequences.

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