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European imperialism in africa
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Europe’s colonisation had major influences upon Africa’s development as a society. The book “Guns, Germs and Steel” written by American Ecologist, Jared Diamond, claims that Africa developed independently and with little major influence from Europe and its people. Moreover, Africa was colonized because of the natural landscape rather then the social and cultural influence from Europe. Controversially, historian Gene Callahan, opposes and describes Africa was developed based was off their own tradition and knowledge rather than through the influence of Europe. Jared Diamond has a valuable perspective on how Europe possibly impacted Africa’s development as a society.
The main reason the Europeans imperialized Africa were their cultural and social beliefs in ethnocentrism. They believed “[the natives] needed European help, reform, or civilization” (Document K). The Europeans considered the Africans savages
Imperialism actually means ‘to command land’ Around 600,000 people died from all of these different events No person or nation likes to be controlled, and that is what America was doing We took away people’s freedom Many people were shipped to America and used as slaves without their consent
The industrial revolution propelled African imperialism to a level the world had never seen before. During the late 19th century, borders in Europe became difficult to alter and the only way to expand was in other continents like Africa. Europe exposed Africa’s weakness and preyed on them, leaving the continent in disarray. The industrial revolution induced African imperialism for economic prosperity, the rise in cultural and social power, and political motives. Economic prosperity had a major impact on the advancement of African imperialism.
By 1914, only Ethiopia and Liberia remained free from colonial rule and its damage in Africa (Doc 6). Those under European rule saw imperialists as rapacious exploiters. The demands and needs of Africans were not addressed by their ruling nation. Instead, their rights, liberties, and dignity were stripped to feed the greedy mouth of imperialist rule. Africans could not find the supposed benefits brought by Europeans to be worth the loss of their life and freedom.
Imperialism and its consequences Imperialism is the term that describes one nation’s dominance over another nation or territory. In the 1800s there were four types of imperialisms, which were; Colonial imperialism, Economic Imperialism, Political Imperialism, and the Socio-Cultural Imperialism. Colonial Imperialism, this form of imperialism is virtual complete takeover of an area, with domination in all areas: economic, political, and socio-cultural. Economic Imperialism, this form of imperialism allowed the area to operate as its own nation, except for the trading and other businesses.
In an attempt to increase trade and prove itself as an economic and military superpower, the US began to expand overseas and increase its military size; the US believed in International Darwinism and saw these actions as an expansion of Manifest Destiny which led to imperialism. People like William H. Seward pushed to annex Midway Island and purchased Alaska to expand the size of the US. However, imperialism became a controversial debate among the American people throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Expansionists and Jingoists like Theodore Roosevelt wanted to protect and gain control of other nations including Puerto Rico, Philippines, and Guam, whereas anti-imperialists such as William Jennings Bryan, Mark Twain, and Jane Addams were against entangling the US in unneeded conflicts overseas and depriving other nations of their rights. Thus, while advocates of expansionism wanted to civilize other nations, become a superpower, and improve US unity, oppositions wanted the US to improve domestic conflicts instead of involving itself in foreign affairs and should not force America’s ideals on other nations.
Although African reaction to the presence of external actors could, in some cases, be appropriately described as defiant, resistance did not exclusively define African attitudes toward the outside. The capacity and willingness to collaborate with European influences lends credence to the re-interpretation of Africa as an entity with agency, just as European states have typically been understood. African political units were just like other political entities throughout history in that they employed strategies according to their domestic and foreign policy interests. Following elementary diplomatic logic, African political units would collaborate with European powers where it was conducive to their interests and goals.
Africa In World Politics: Engaging a Changing Global Order by John Harbenson and Donald Rothchild gives an analysis of how Africa has changed from being a European ruled colonial nation to a nation that it creating a name for itself in the global sphere. Beginning with Africa’s politics during the colonial era through the present. The book provides not only details about Africa but also how the changing world has affected African politics. The main focus of this book is to show the growth Africa has had since its time of colonization. Africa has grown as the world has changed although it has had to deal with internal conflicts and demands for political change due to its authoritarian regimes.
“Imperialism is a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force” Dictionary Definition of Imperialism. In 1750 - 1900, European countries wanted to build empires all over the world; they wanted to provide materials for industrialization. Even though European countries, like France, Great Britain and Portugal, had very few establishments in Africa, they were constantly trading with them. Later, as Europeans tried conquer African land, native people became frustrated and upset; in response to imperialism. As Europeans states industrialized, they wanted to expand overseas and establish colonies in Africa.
So Europe invaded Africa, took possession of Africa, and divided Africa into colonies of Europe. The period of invasion, lasting some twenty years, was more or less completed by 1900. There followed a longer period, between sixty and ninety years, of direct European rule, called colonial rule. This was a time of profound upheaval for all of Africa’s peoples. It brought irreversible changes” (4).
Culture, an assortment of human activities and principles, leads a group of people with common beliefs and values; but after it was taken away by the Europeans, all they felt was lost and with no identity. (Arowolo 2010, 4) Colonialism caused an abrupt decline of culture and tradition in the colonies because the Europeans imposed a new culture on the African’s traditional one. Due to Africa’s subjugation and it being controlled by the Europeans, Western civilization and life style began shaping the colonies. (2) One can say that European culture is characterized by a Christian worldview and individualism. (7) Consequently, imperialism caused African cultural heritage to become replaced by a prosperous European-based one.
Even though it has been over sixty years since Myanmar was imperialized, remnants of the outcome of imperialism can still be well observed. The language, the clothing, the infrastructures all have been affected by imperialism. These effects may deceive people into thinking that imperialism was all sunshine and rainbows but in reality, imperialism brutally destroyed the different aspects of a country. Imperialism impacted societies in countless negative ways. It led to slave trade which then led to social discrimination around the world.
Discourse on colonialism generally results in the different opinions of the colonizer and the colonized. The upshot of such discourse shows that colonialism has divergent interpretations. For the colonizer, it is ‘a civilizing mission’; to the colonized, it is exploitation. Such concept is better understood when both the views are studied with an objective approach. Things Fall Apart is a perfect novel to study colonialism as it deals with the perspectives of the colonizer and the colonized.
While the colonization of the America’s was negative for many reasons such as the spread of illnesses, and the forcing of religion upon natives, it was also beneficial to the Native’s because it allowed them to have better weapons and to have different foods and goods in their lives. The Europeans exposed the Natives to many new diseases once they colonized the new areas they discovered. The Europeans greatly impacted the family life and religion of the inhabitants of the areas they found. There was also a lot of exchange going on during the conquest of the Americas because the Natives were excited by the new gadgets they had never seen before that the Europeans brought over.