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Bandura's theory
Effects of child abuse
Long-term effects of childhood maltreatment
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More handpicked essays just for you.
Bandura's theory
Effects of child abuse
Long-term effects of childhood maltreatment
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
“Teaching science is effective when students existing ideas, values and beliefs, which they bring to a lesson, are elicited, addressed and linked to their classroom experiences at the beginning of a teaching programme” (Hipkins et al 2002). It is clear that students do not arrive in class as ‘empty vessels’, and Hipkins et al argue that meaningful learning and understanding occur as a conscious process whereby new knowledge is linked to an existing foundation. If the foundation is incorrect or confused, then true understanding cannot occur; at best facts or figures are memorised in order to pass tests without any assimilation of these facts into the learners existing understanding of the subject matter. Furthermore, children with misconceptions can convince others in a group to take their perspective (Snyder and Sullivan, 1995), rendering co-operative learning a destructive rather than constructive method of teaching.
Summary: Chapter 2 Chapter two dives into the concept of learning. As mentioned in the previous chapter, learning is the study of changes in behavior produced by experience, so when studying learning it is vital to examine how events in the environment change an individual’s behavior. Many scientists consider learning to be a natural phenomenon, they make their case based on four assumptions. The first assumption being that natural phenomena’s do not just happen, but instead they are caused as the result of some other event. The second assumption is that causes precede effects.
The desire to learn new things can be a beneficial habit, however, in certain scenarios, the outcome can be disappointing. The science fiction novel Frankensteins is a good example of this case. Victor quotes, “Learn from me, if not precepts, at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge....” (Shelley, p.53). Frankenstein’s desire to learn new things changed his life forever by making his creation, which turned out to be an ugly monster.
The Enduring Effect “Most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others, one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action” (Bandura). In other words, the social learning theory explains human behavior in terms of continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioral, and environmental influences. However, to effectively explain how the continuous negative portrayal of Native Americans impacted the development of a dominant and superior American culture upon minorities today. Bandura believed in “reciprocal determinism”, that is, the world and a person’s behavior cause each other.
Learning how things work amplifies its significance
Unlike other theories that support the belief that behaviours are inherited, Social learning theory believes that individuals learn from their environment and from each other through imitation, observation and modeling. In a quest to prove this Bandura conducted an experiment in1961 known as the Bobo doll experiment. He had four hypotheses 1.Children witnessing an adult role model behaving in an overly aggressive manner would be likely to replicate similar behavior themselves, even if the adult was not present. 2.
Some of the strengths of using bandura theory would be that I will be able to reflect on my practice and how I would be able to better myself, though using reflection I would also be able to see my own strengths and weaknesses during my practice. I would also be able to use this reflection with the child in my transition as I would be able to reflect on what the preferers, this could be a person in the setting that they have taken a liking to or simply a piece of food. "People not only gain understanding through reflection, they evaluate and alter their own thinking. "- From Social Foundations of Thought and Action, 1986. Another strength of Bandura theory may also be that though using his ideas of reflection and role modelling for the children as they are impressable and learn though observing us, we are then able to help them develop just by setting examples of ways to behave.
Observational learning occurs when we observe the actions of another and note the consequences of that person’s actions, then decide whether to imitate them or not. In other words, modelling is any process in which information is imparted by example, before direct practice is allowed (rosenthal & Steffek, 1991). It has been found that children as young as 21 days old have been shown to imitate facial expressions and mouth movements. For observational learning to occur, several factors must be involved.
This assignment includes; Strengths, examples and weaknesses of the following psychological research; Bandura et al, Skinner & Loftus and Palmer. In order discuss and come to a conclusion as to why ecological validity is important in psychological research. It is important to note that; Ecological validity is the degree to which behaviours reflect the behaviours of everyday life. In Chapter 3 Bandura et al demonstrated whether children were witnesses to an aggressive display of play.
Criticism on Social Learning Theory Introduction Social learning theory is a theory related to classical and operant conditioning, which proposed by Albert Bandura in 1977. According to Albert Bandura, people are active agents in learning while they use cognition and social interaction in learning (Rogers, 2010). Albert Bandura considered that people are living in the environment, therefore, human behavior should be studied in social context rather than in laboratory (Bandura, 1977).
Bandura postulates that we learn by observing others. As an interesting fact about Bandura, I am fascinated to find that he, being such a major psychological theorist, quite accidentally fell into the field of psychology because of the difficulty in scheduling rides with fellow classmates. Ferrari,
However, this theory does not always state for all behaviors since thoughts and feelings are influenced by many other factors. Overall, with the amount of evidence, SCT is an important theory because it explains how behaviors are influenced by observational learning. It contributes largely to important human social behaviors as well as social implications. But the theory requires further research to overcome its limitations because we cannot be 100% sure that the aggressive behavior is the result of observing the
New behaviour will continue if it is protected. According to this theory, the learning process is made more efficient if the new behaviour is demonstrated as well. One of the strengths of learning theories is that they developed methods for practical work. The criticism though, is that in their willingness to achieve visible results, they can become influencing. In learning theories, one was not concerned with the unconscious processes, but more with the visible behaviour.
Behavioral and social cognitive theories emphasize continuity in development and argue that development does not occur in stage-life fashion. Skinner and Bandura are best known for there theories in behavioral and social cognitive theories. Skinner believed in operant conditioning, where the consequences of a behavior produce changes in the probability of
Although it is important to learn new things, the new material learned is not as important as the process of learning itself. In the process of learning, one’s mind is transformed and engaged. They will be introduced to new things and their ideas and thinking will be changed forever. When learning new things, seeing the value of things become