Incarceration Policy

In contrast, stricter policy reforms were implemented into the courts due to the reflective increase in use of illegal substance among offenders. Moreover, the increase in violence and drugs among offenders enhanced stricter policy reforms, for more than 78.7% percent of offenders have used illegal drugs, which is three-fourth’s of the incarcerated population. Also, 62.2% percent of convicted drug offenders meet the diagnostic criteria of drug abuse or dependence that accumulates to be two-thirds of the populations, while 64.3% percent of offenders used an illegal substance regularly. In addition, convicted offenders have a high rate of 56.7% percent in committing recidivism, for Mark Harmon author of "Fixed ' Sentencing: The Effect On Imprisonment

Additionally, the impact of reforming incarceration policies should not be overstated, for the impact might not be on the incarceration rate of drug offenders but in the drug-related arrests. Also, reforming drug and sentencing policies will promote an engaging cohesion within the community that will result a healthy mitigating society, for Robert D Crutchfield and Gregory A. Weeks author of "The Effects Of Mass Incarceration On Communities Of Color." quotes “When residential areas, and even commercial districts, are cohesive and individuals are engaged with each other, people can participate in the kinds of social life that make crime less likely”. In continuation, institutions increases poverty within those closely connected to convicted offender, which increases poverty, for according to Michael Mitchell and Michael Leachman authors of “Changing priorities: state criminal justice reforms and investments in education.” quotes “One study examining poverty and state-level incarceration rates between 1980 and 2004 determined that if incarceration rates had not increased, the official poverty rate would have fallen by roughly 20 percent over that period instead of remaining relatively stable.” In addition, there are several of rational reasons behind the shift on policies such as: the high incarceration rate, financial cost of institutions, increase of disparate convictions, racial inequalities, public’s health, and movement and public pressure on legalization of cannabis. Additionally, several U.S states and countries such as: Mexico, Canada, Chile, Uruguay, the Czech Republic, Colombia, Cambodia, Jamaica, India, Spain, the Netherlands, North Korea, Indian reservations, and territories of Australia have the least restrictive cannabis laws, that have made a social