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Henrietta Lacks did not know that a tissue sample had been taken from her cervix, but the turning point in medical ethics was when researchers started injecting patients with cancer cells without their consent, so they could see how cancer spreads. After that, the government institutionalized medical review boards and informed consent laws. By law, informed consent means that the patient knows that the study involves research, the purpose of the research, the duration of their participation, procedure,
This essay uses the book“ The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks” by Rebecca Skloot to investigate the requirements of informed consent ,by informing the patients through every steps Henrietta’s story is an example on informed consent. On one hand theorists such as, Dale Keigner argue that informed consent should be notified by the doctor to the patient and the patient should be knowledge on the proceeding that the doctors will maintain. On the other hand , Lewis Soloman contends that the doctors should be able to take any specimens from the patient after operating without consent for scientific reasons and research. . He also asserted that doctors should be able to deduct any specimen that will be able to help in the science research. Others maintain
Patient Privacy and Consent Hinders Medical Advancements In the medical world, many disagreements revolve around the idea of patient privacy and consent. Some say it is an unethical act to not inform a patient on research that will be done on their cells. I say without informing the patient and avoiding possible risks of not being able to conduct life-saving research, many discoveries would be made. Consent for certain things would hinder advancements, and create a gap in medical development and progress that could possibly save someone’s life.
Skloot brings attention to the lack of informed consent and the exploitation of marginalized populations in medical research. The story of Henrietta Lacks and her HeLa cells illustrates the ways in which individuals can be reduced to mere resources for scientific progress, without proper acknowledgement or compensation for their contributions. Skloot's book also highlights the importance of acknowledging the humanity and dignity of individuals who have been used for medical research. This is particularly relevant when dealing with marginalized communities, who have historically been exploited and mistreated in medical research. By bringing these issues to light, Skloot raises important questions about the responsibility of the medical community to prioritize the well-being and dignity of all individuals.
Medicine has changed in ways over the years that one might have never thought twice about having anything like that happen to them. People today have increased their knowledge overall about their health situations and how to treat themselves. Patients are stepping up and making decisions about their healthcare choices each day with physicians. And in this process it has turned out to be so important for people to understand what is truly being done before medical treatment is given. We have talked this semester about informed consent and how important it is that our patients understand the meaning of what they are having done.
The Dialogic Ethics Model Listening without demand: Whether we like or dislike the conversation or moment, we must engage the question(s) of a given moment. Attentiveness: What are the coordinating grounds upon which stand the self, the other, and the historical moment? Dialogic negotiation: What communicative ethics answers emerge from the discussion? Temporal dialogic ethical competence: What worked, and what changes need to be made?
There are three assumptions to have an ethical system: desires for eternal authority and making decisions, and need for God. In order to have a credible ethical system, it is important to have a desire for eternal authority, and a desire to decide for ourselves. If we have a desire for eternal authority we understand that there are things above us, and that the things above us should govern for us or help us govern. If we have a desire to decide for ourselves we can have our own opinions, and help make decisions for a credible ethical system. The desires for eternal authority and to decide for ourselves are examples of primitives.
Informed consent. A.2.b. Types of information needed. A.4.a. Avoiding harm.
Case Study and Ethical Code For the discussion assignment, I selected “Case Study 16: A Suicidal Teenager” presented by Herlihy & Corey (2015). In the case presentation, the counselor is engaging in the initial individual therapy session with a minor client, Frank, who was referred to services for observed behavior changes.
Consent is patients’ rights because they have right to know what is happening to their life which is fundamental value in professional practice (Department of Health (DH), 2001). Dougherty and Lister (2015) state that consent is a patient’s rights to refuse or to accept a treatment. However, Dimond (2010) said that consent is a voluntarily decision which can be given orally, verbally, written or implied for example if you ask a patient to take their blood pressure and they offer their arm. Eyal (2012) also states that consent promote trust in medical procedures that people may seek and comply with medical advice and participate in medical research. Bok (2013) argues that there are problems with the trust-promoting as many patients give consent despite being to some extent distrustful.
For instance, the practitioners are obligated to constantly inform the participants about plans that pertains to interventions (Reamer, 1987). In addition, it is essential for informed consent to include the following: “What is done, the reasons for doing it, clients must be capable of providing consent, they must have the right to refuse or withdraw consent, and their decisions must be based on adequate information” (Kirk & Wakefield, 1997, p. 275). One of the most dehumanizing incidents that occur is the researchers prohibit the participants’ self-determination. For example, the men were compliant with receiving treatment and to be examined by the physicians.
One issue with informed consent that was showcased in the Nigerian study was the participants not explaining the study and lack of simplicity. The parents in the Nigerian study lacked the knowledge on the side effects of trovan and were not aware of everything that Pfizer were doing to their children. One parent mentioned in the movie stated that the researchers were isolated and they were not invited to see their child. Therefore, I believe participants whether children or adults should be privy to all information in a detail and simplistic way. The last element I believe that was highlighted in Patients in North, Guinea Pigs in South is the concept of voluntarism.
Why informed consent is important in research using human subjects. Informed consent is a voluntary agreement, letting the subject know the risks and what is going to be done. This form lets the subject know the process so they can make an informed decision. Describe the benefits of following the norms for expected behavior in science.
Ethical issues – Interviews Vs Questionnaires Context: Children between the age of 8 to 10 years are learning Chess as part of their Mathematics curriculum. It is very beneficial and challenging. A research can be done to identify the benefits and the challenges using this age group of children. Children have certain rights that researchers need to take into consideration when collecting data. According to British Educational Research Education (BERA) guidelines (2011), all researchers have to comply with the Articles 3 and 12 of the United Nations Convention in the right of the children.
The three ethical perspectives are relativism, emotivism and ethical egoism. Relativism is something that everyone has, it can be as small as thinking American football is better than soccer or as extreme as being part of a cult. It’s what you believe is right because you were raised thinking that way. The problem comes when you move out to a different place away from what you know and have to deal with different kinds of people. What you think is right might be wrong to someone else because they were raised differently than you.
