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Indian Removal Of Native Americans During The 1800s

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During the 1800s, America looked for more land to colonize and give to its people. The majority of this land, however, belonged to several Native American tribes. Despite these tribes were considered the most civilized tribes, the American government felt it was necessary to take away their lands. With the passing of the “Indian Removal Act” under President Andrew Jackson, millions of natives were forced onto the Trail of Tears to relocate further west from their ancestral lands. The Chickasaw and Choctaw were the first to leave. The Creek had put up some resistance with the Creek War. The Cherokees, however, were considered the most civilized, and wanted to fight for their right to remain on the land through litigation. This led to the Supreme Court case of Cherokee Nation v. State of Georgia in which John Marshall ruled that the Cherokee could not sue as a foreign nation because they were a dependent nation. They were forced to also go on the Trail of Tears on which about 4000 Cherokees perished on the journey. …show more content…

The first of the Seminole Wars started after the American government’s attempt to retrieve the black slaves who had ran away from their slaveholders in the southern states bordering Florida. Because the Jesuit missionaries and Seminoles in Florida were welcoming to the black slaves, many found refuge there. General Andrew Jackson was sent with an army of more than 3,000 soldiers to Florida to get the slaves back. After destroying several native settlements, then executing two British traders held for supposedly encouraging Seminole determination, Jackson then captured the Spanish fort and got rid of the

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Indians had lived in the same areas for many years and had become much more accustomed to being civilized and had even started schools, making laws and becoming farmers. But all of that didn’t matter, there was increasing pressure to open up the area the Indians inhabited so the white men could settle there. The Indian Removal Act stated that all Indians must move to lands west of the Mississippi River, Jackson said the Indians would receive money for the land they lost and that all expenses would be paid for. The act was supposed to be voluntary but they were pressured to go and the tribes that did not go peacefully were forced. While most tribes did go peacefully the Cherokee Indians wanted to fight the Removal Act and took it to the Supreme

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This followed the refusal of the Seminoles to leave their reservation that had been established for them. The Seminoles had hidden their families in the Everglades and the warriors fought back using guerrilla tactics. As a result of this, Osceola, the tribe leader, was captured while parleying under a flag truce Indians resistance denied. With peace, the Seminoles had agreed to emigrate. During this, in 1839, the Old Treaty Party Leaders attempt to foil reunifiication negotiations between Ross and Sequoyan.

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The Indian Removal Act was signed in 1830 by President Andrew Jackson to remove the Cherokee Indians from their homes and force them to settle west of the Mississippi River. The act was passed in hopes to gain agrarian land that would replenish the cotton industry which had plummeted after the Panic of 1819. Andrew Jackson believed that effectively forcing the Cherokees to become more civilized and to christianize them would be beneficial to them. Therefore, he thought the journey westward was necessary. In late 1838, the Cherokees were removed from their homes and forced into a brutal journey westward in the bitter cold.

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Before becoming president, Andrew Jackson had distinguished himself as a champion of white settlers against the American Indians. In the War of 1812, Jackson had led an offensive against the Creek nation in an attempt to clear the Mississippi Territory for white settlement, and under President James Monroe, he had participated in the First Seminole War, which devastated the Seminole tribe of Florida. By the time Jackson entered the White House, white settlers in Georgia had been complaining for some time about the continued presence of Cherokee and Creek people on the lands they wished to inhabit. These white settlers were emboldened by the election of Jackson in 1828 and revoked the constitution of the Cherokee Nation in Georgia, declaring

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