1. The Pendleton Civil Service Act: A. Created a merit system in order to get a many government jobs through competitive exams, would be the correct answer because my research revealed that the Pendleton Civil Service Act established that federal government jobs would be based on merit and not political affiliation. Government employees could then only be selected by taking competitive exams. B. Was signed into law by James Garfield could not be the correct answer because Garfield was not even alive when the Pendleton Civil Service Act was signed into law.
Back in 1786, the United States consisted of thirteen states generally bound by the Articles of Confederation, each state governed its own matters separately. A group of state representative served as the National Congress, but when they had to settle matters between themselves, or solve problems on a national level, they had difficulties agreeing on solutions which left the nation weak. The government had no power to build the military for national defense. In 1786, Alexander Hamilton called a meeting in Maryland to resolve trade problems among the states. An important event encouraged a wider interest in government reform.
(Hellman186). The pattern of patronage, clientelism and party loyalty had been perpetuated ever since, it wasn’t until 1972 where activists had challenged the pattern of political control. Unfortunately the new leaders perpetuated the cycle of political corruption. Roberto believes that the SNTE has become a center for corruption and patronage headed by officers selling second jobs to desperate teachers
The most important thing that the bureaucracy does is implement policy. Congress and the President make the policies and laws, but they have someone else (the bureaucracy) to implement them. However, they also make policy by rule-making (process of defining rules or standards that apply uniformly to classes of individuals, events, and activities). Also, according to Jillson (2016), "Congress passes laws that authorize government programs, the bureaucracy then writes specific rules that define how the program will be administered." So, when the bureaucracy makes rules you have to obey them because they have the force of law.
Bureaucracy, Almost everyone deals with bureaucracy every day in one way or another and even if you do not personally deal with a bureaucratic official today your activities are being monitored by a bureaucratic system somewhere, but despite the fact, most people still have very little knowledge of how it works and its significance. To understand bureaucracy more it is a collection or group of official who engage in administrative and policy making duties. It is a system of government or business that has many complicated rules and ways of doing things. Bureaucracy can be considered to be a particular case of rationalization, or rationalization applied to human organization. . It’s difficult for students to engage into this topic, because they are actually living inside a bureaucracy.
SPOILS SYSTEM Spoils System is the method of political parties firing government officials from their posts, and offering that government job to their political supporters. There have already been mishaps due to spoils system that have hurt America. Spoils systems can weaken the US and cause the nation to become vulnerable. The spoils system is inefficient because it provides the president with an overload of power. This allows the president to mold the United States in any way, shape, or form.
1 Academic Oligarchy Model As Olson the model is called “community of scholars” and characterized as guided by the ideal of truth finding, where quality is judged by academic criteria above all others and institutional autonomy is considered a prerequisite for the very existence of the university. Academia is a self-standing and self-governing “Republic of Science”, based on collegial approaches to organization and decision-making. Here higher education is governed by internal factors and actors, who share the same norms and objectives (Olsen, 2005, pp. 8–10).
In Street-Level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Services, Lipsky defines street-level bureaucrats as the “teachers, police officers and other law enforcement personnel, social workers, judges, public lawyers and other court officers, health workers, and many other public employees who grant access to government programs and provide services within them” (1980, 3). The book provides us with an insight into the everyday life of a street-level bureaucrat and shows their unmistakable role in delivering social services. Lipsky believes policy is best understood when looking at the people at the forefront of the implementation process; those that have to deal with both the government and the public. Overall, I found this book extremely
As I mentioned previously, Bureaucracy is a term that refers to certain government institutions. These institutions are responsible for the implementation of public policies and other important behind-the-scene tasks. Ideally, they are meant to be free from political accountability and are expected to release their orders autonomously. There are four elements of Federal bureaucracy and they are the Cabinet department, Independent executive agencies, Independent regulatory agencies i.e. EPA, and Government organizations. In relation to the President of the United States, congress, and the courts the relationship between the four is complicated.
Social and political structure Central government officials were divided into sixteen ranks, the six members of the top rank forming a type of cabinet, with the top official being elected every three years. The first to sixth rank were the officials I political affairs, and military commanders.. In the, the through the eleventh were officials may have head administrators . the twelfth to the sixteenth, may have been military administrators.
Q1. Explain the differences between the private sector, the public sector and the voluntary sector. (1.1) (A) Public sector The public sector is made up of organisations that are owned and ran by the government. They provide services to people which include educational bodies, health care bodies, police and prison services, and local and government bodies and their departments.
Introduction The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 is an act made by Parliament of United Kingdom provided for the creation of a Supreme Court to take over the roles of law lords and the powers of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council was devolved, removing the role of speakers in the House of Lords and the head of the Judiciary in England and Wales from the office of the Lord Chancellor. The act came into force in April 2006, has clearly delineate the separation of the judicial function from the other two bodies and has considerably strengthened the independence of the Judiciary which is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state. It is a fundamental constitutional requirement in the UN basic principles
INTRODUCTION Management gives you an in-depth understanding of organisational behaviour and structure with training for creative and critical thinking for various reasons such as problems and the ability to relate and motivate while managing others. Effective management is an important part for organisations in today’s business world as it enables them to continuing thriving. There are a few theories of management existing today. Here in this essay, I will discuss about Bureaucracy and why it’s considered to no longer be applicable in today’s business environment. By first, giving a brief history on Bureaucracy, its definition and explaining how it works, then going through its features and how it works in a business context along with its pros and cons.
The Woolf reforms introduced significant changes to the civil justice system as they sought to deal with the problems of cost, delay and complexity that wrought the civil justice system prior to his recommendations. Significant changes were implemented after Lord Woolf’s Access to Justice in 1996. His recommendations form the basis of important changes to civil litigation. In an attempt to reduce the cost of litigation and encourage the early settlement of disputes, Woolf introduced the use of pre-action protocols, the track system and encouraged the use of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) and Part 36 offers to settle.
1. Introduction Bureaucracy is the administrative structure and set of regulations in place to control (rationalize, render effective and professionalize) activities, usually in large organizations and government (Dimock, 1959). This has a long historical background both in Europe and in Asia. The term "bureaucracy" is generated from "bureau" and used since the early 18th century in Western Europe to refer to an office, i.e., a workplace.
