ipl-logo

Intergenerational Definition

874 Words4 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: Health disparity experienced in the black community

Intergenerational transmission of health happens via many different mechanisms. intergenerational relationships can arise because of genetics, but also due to epigenetics (behavioral/environmental exposures) that can affect health through generations, mainly by influencing the maternal-child relationship. Those adverse effects may persist in the long-term through intergenerational biological mechanisms.

Intergenerational transmission of health

The mostly studied measures of the intergenerational correlation in health are those relating to birth weight. In a study using matched children-mother data from California, the likelihood that a child is low birth weight increases by 50 percent if the mother was low birth weight herself. These …show more content…

Violence is also associated with an increase in premature birth, as was seen during times of war. Perinatal mortality and morbidity more than doubled in Sarajevo, and there was a rise in congenital malformations from 0.4% to 3% during the war. Outside a war zone, a meta-analysis on abuse during pregnancy showed a 1.4 times higher chance of low birth weight. In Colombia, it was observed a decline in age at menarche during periods with high homicide rates, suggesting that psychosocial prompts can alter the developmental trajectory of young …show more content…

Nevertheless, stress may be a mediator through which parents transmit adverse effects to their children. African-Americans experiencing racism has been reported to present with higher cortisol levels, similar studies have shown this among Hispanic youth exposed to racism. Another study reported a decrease in birth weight among children of California women with Arab sounding names in the year following 9/11; that could be attributed to an increase in racial discrimination experience among them. Cortisol and other hormones in the stress physiology are important for maintaining immune, reproductive and cardiovascular health. However, an imbalance on cortisol levels system can adversely affect the immune system as well as the ability to become pregnant and even the pregnancy itself. Maternal health may influence offspring through exposure to hormones in pregnancy, thus increasing the odds of giving birth to infants with lower birth weight. Since being born small increases the risk for developing poor health in adulthood, factors impacting maternal stress hormones in pregnancy could also affect long-term health of the child and the next

Show More
Related
151 Words | 1 Pages

I agree with the author 's assertion that violence and crime is connected to mainly family and education. Many families, particularly low income families, need to work in order to feed their family, as a result, they leave their child home alone, or pick them up late from school. Ultimately, the child will feel neglected, and the relationship they have with their parents will fade away. On the other hand, if the child is living in a abusive or violent household it can have a huge psychological impact on the child. In the article titled "Youth Violence: Do Parents and Families Make a Difference?"

Read More
1667 Words | 7 Pages

Although hormones, cortisol and adrenaline, having the capacity of allowing an individual to flee a threatening situation, repeated distribution can alter the way the body works. When someone is continuously stressed the brain will continue to release cortisol, which can decrease the numbers of brain cells that contribute in repairing memories. Cortisol also has the effect of increasing blood pressure, a condition common in underserved communities. Communities that lack resources are likely to be subject to stress because of the lifestyle that is promoted by the American Dream. The American Dream is one that encourages the thought of natural selection, Social Darwinism, that dates back to the early 19th century when the foundation of this country was being founded.

Read More
209 Words | 1 Pages

Study was focus on vulnerable mothers (young, less educated, and/or unmarried), and the results show that early and adequate use of care improved for both racial groups, and racial disparities in prenatal care use have been markedly reduced, except for some young mothers. Gortmaker, S. (1979). The effects of prenatal care upon the health of the newborn. American Journal of Public Health July 1979: Vol.

Read More
104 Words | 1 Pages

The Defending Childhood Initiative, Cuyahoga County, Ohio tries to address violence against children in one of the nation 's most rough territory. The novel approach of this policy is tending to issues of all at-risk youth who have encountered savagery and injury. The introduction to violence can be extremely traumatic bringing about the potential development to be deferred. Mental impacts can happen. A child security, bliss, heath and capacity to accomplish as grown-up can be damaged because of the exposure of violence.

Read More
299 Words | 2 Pages

Power shifts and intergenerational gaps occur in the lives of refuges for many reasons. Due to changes in the family system, the ability for children to adapt at a faster pace, and the parents reluctance to change their ways, many issues will arise if these power shifts and intergenerational gaps can’t be fixed. These very reasons cause children to become “cultural brokers” for their parents in many situations and this brokerage can compromise the level of respect that the teenagers have for their parents (Deng & Marlowe, 2013). Parents may need their children to attend meetings or appointments in order to interpret and translate what is being said. This can take away from the child’s daily life (such as school), and newfound freedom.

Read More
744 Words | 3 Pages

They are not exposed to honest ways of living. Growing up surrounded by violence and other immoral behaviors renders persons vulnerable and they have a high probability of committing crimes in the future. People whose lives have been exposed to violence suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder. As the disorder is a result of the stress the children undergo through and it builds up as they grow. Children develop the disorder from the beatings and deaths they witnessed as they grew up.

Read More
1766 Words | 8 Pages

Maltreatment has a severe impact on a child’s current and future functioning and development regarding their emotional, social, cognitive, behavioral, and physical wellbeing.(Frederico 345). Different types of abuse, such as physical, emotional, and sexual have different consequences, but the consequences of all maltreatment, are likely to happen in three stages. Firstly, a child may have an initial reaction such as post-traumatic symptoms, painful emotions, and cognitive distortions. Secondly, children develop coping strategies that are aimed to help increase their safety or reduce their pain. Thirdly, a child 's sense of self-worth is damaged and develop the feeling of shame and hopelessness..

Read More
958 Words | 4 Pages

The author claims that your “parents had a favourite child - and if you have kids so do you.” His thesis is that child favouritism “is hardwired into all of us.” Describe THREE different arguments the author makes to support his thesis. You may cite study results, expert opinions, or statistics from the article as evidence. In your answer, label each argument 1, 2, or 3.

Read More
584 Words | 3 Pages

An example of how epigenetics can affect development is through prenatal development. According to Santrock, “During prenatal development, toxins, nutrition, and stress

Read More
1651 Words | 7 Pages

Part B: Examine the consequences of the conflict on individuals, groups and countries either directly or indirectly affected by the conflict There are many impacts and consequences of the criminal violence in Mexico upon the civilians experiencing it, the criminal groups causing it and the countries trying to stop it. Criminal violence damages the psychological, economical and social areas of life for Mexican citizens and various other countries involved. The individuals, due to the nature of the conflict, experience most of the consequences of criminal violence. The results of research (based on a sample of 333 people from 15 of Mexico’s 32 states, part of a study done by Mauricio Meschoulam) showed that 51 percent of the people surveyed said violence affected their work life, 72 percent their social life and 58 percent their family life. Furthermore 42 percent said that violence had an impact on their economic status

Read More
1652 Words | 7 Pages

A child's education is affected by its family's resources, so effects of education on adult health could be reflective of the influence of childhood circumstances 2. Education strongly affects income and occupation in later life 3. Education may affect how receptive an individual is to health messages, both because of ease of understanding these messages and because education may lead to material and cultural resources that facilitate behavior change 4. A background factor may influence both the ability of an individual to successfully complete education and their ability to maintain health 5. Health in childhood can affect educational achievement and is also strongly predictive of adult

Read More
912 Words | 4 Pages

So nutritional effects on developing children is vital and need to be stressed. Pregnant mothers should be encouraged to have good nutrition as to improve development of the child. Improvement in physical factors in natural environment like water, air is vital on health. Pollution to air even water bodies should be avoided. Good disposal of waste is the key to avoiding contamination of water and air.

Read More
940 Words | 4 Pages

In turn, this has a strong impact on human capital costs: life expectancy decreases, victims of such violence tend to have fewer educational chances, and fear causes them to be less productive and more distracted while

Read More
1310 Words | 6 Pages

This, in turn, leads to various effects on their physical and psychological

Read More
903 Words | 4 Pages

Violence has been an immense variable in our society, regardless of what era our childhood occurred in. Violence is all over the place and it consistently has been in every generation. Constantly people find out about violence, whether it is in their neighborhood, on their televisions or even just in their local news. Regardless of the fact that if you are not a violent individual and you live in a sheltered and secured group, you are still not sheltered from violent actions. The alarming issue about violence is that everybody is adequate to commit violent actions.

Read More

More about Intergenerational Definition

Related Topics

Open Document