P. S. van der Schaaf, et.al (2013) highlighted the need for a greater focus on the impact of the physical environment on patients, as, along with other interventions, this can reduce the need for seclusion and restraint.
E.R.C.M. Huisman, et.al. (2012) found that built environment can contribute to reducing errors, falls, and infections. The built environment can enhance the privacy, comfort, and control. Examples of design features are: single-bed rooms and identical rooms.
Zanariah Abu Samah(2012)in this research users were asked to assess interior design elements in terms of space planning, ergonomics, accessibility, way finding, material and finishes, colour, lighting, furniture and safety. The survey results show that patients and visitors find the overall performance of the
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(2008) found positive correlations between more attractive environments and higher levels of perceived quality, satisfaction, staff interaction, and reduction of patient anxiety. The comparison of actual observed time and patients' perception of time showed that patients tend to overestimate shorter waiting times and underestimate longer waiting times in both the waiting area and the examination room.
Franklin Becker et al (2008) found that patients' perceived quality of care, and their perceptions of the quality of interaction with staff, was significantly better in the patient-centred facility. Few differences were found in actual patient-staff interaction behaviours. This study is consistent with other studies that examined the relationship among the physical attractiveness of healthcare settings, patient satisfaction, and perceived quality of care.
Leonard L. Berry & Janet T. Parish, (2008) found that the design of the hospital impacts nurses and may impact their job satisfaction and stress, even the decision whether or not to remain a hospital nurse. A well-designed hospital is not only important to patients; it also is important to those who serve